가족, 의례, 선정 ― 주희(1130~1200) 예학의 형성과정

Abstract

In his late years Zhu Xi(朱熹; 1130～1200) began to restructure ancient classics of ritual into a fundamentally new compendium, the Comprehensive Interpretation of the Text of and Commentaries on the Yili(『儀禮經傳通解』). In it he recreated the text of the Yili by rearranging existing classics of ritual and later commentaries under the new categories of his own creation. This book is the final product of his life-long effort to systematize rituals as accessible guides for his contemporaries, and, therefore, reflects his general theory of ritual as well as his grand political visions of ordering the world. In order to interpret the far-reaching implications of this book, this paper traces how Zhu Xi’s study of ritual evolved and materialized through a long period of his intellectual development. From the early years of his career Zhu Xi emphasized the necessity of simple and accessible manuals for elites and commoners alike. For this purpose Zhu Xi removed arcane and outmoded rituals as irrelevant to his time through a meticulous study of rituals for simplification. The Family Rituals, which would later become the most influential manual in East Asian societies, was by no means the conclusion of his study of ritual. Zhu Xi continued to emphasize the necessity of reorganizing rituals for moral self-cultivation and education purposes in the Elementary Learning. Finally, his life-long commitment to the study of ritual came to full flower in the Comprehensive Interpretation of the Text of and Commentaries on the Yili. In this work Zhu Xi articulates his political and social agenda: the grand Neo-Confucian project of ordering the world bottom-up by the initiative of morally autonomous individuals engaging in familial and communal projects within a dispersed network of local communities. With this grand compendium of ritual centered on the literati stratum, Zhu Xi sought to replace then widely-circulating, government-issued, court-centered manuals of ritual.