농암農巖 김창협金昌協의 사단칠정설四端七情說에 대하여 - 「사단칠정설四端七情說」을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper has tried to explain the theme of “the Four-Seven Debates” from the viewpoint of the practice of the “Seon(善)”, so to speak, the good which is a principal idea of Confucianism. Toegye(退溪) Yi Hwang(李滉) suggested that there were two mechanisms of accomplishing the good, so we had two kinds of Seon. On the other hand, Yulgok(栗谷) Yi Yi(李珥) suggested that there is only one mechanism of practicing the good, so we had only one kind of Seon(善). Nongam (農巖) Kim Chang-hyup(金昌協) compromised two theories with an emphasis on the theory of Yulgok, and suggested that there was only one mechanism of accomplishing the good, but there were two aspects in the Seon. According to Toegye, the Four Beginnings are the immediate manifestations of the Nature(性), so to speak, the Li(理), therefore their goodness has the character of necessity and university ; the Seven Feelings are the consequence of causal relationships between our physical bodies with the outer world, therefore their goodness has the character of chance and particularity. According to Yulgok, on the other hand, both the Four and the Seven are the same production of the Ki(氣), which practices the Li, therefore the goodness of them is all the same. Nongam basically accepted the viewpoint of Yulgok, so he understood both the Four and the Seven are the same production of the Ki which practices the Li. But he at the same time accepted the point of Toegye, so suggested that the good can be considered as basically the self-accomplishment of the Li through the practice of the Ki as well as the practice of the Li by the Ki. The former aspect is represented by the Four, and the latter aspect is represented by the Seven. He finally presented the theory of contest between Li and Ki(理氣勝負論) which stressed the interaction between Li and Ki in the accomplishment of the Seon. In this way, he successfully compromised two theories of Togye and Yulgok.