본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

21세기 일본의 연구윤리 동향과 그 함의: 연구부정 사례와 정책을 중심으로

Trends in Japanese Research Ethics in the 21st Century: Research Misconduct and Related Policies

김옥주|이규원
한국의료윤리학회 (The Korean Society For Medical Ethics)|2021.12|한국의료윤리학회지 (Korean Journal of Medical Ethics)|제24권 제4호|pp. 461-481|DOI 10.35301/ksme.2021.24.4.461

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

일본가이드라인정책연구윤리Japanresearch ethicsguidelinespoliciesresearch misconduct연구부정사례cases
주제분류의학일반

초록

의료윤리에서 연구윤리의 중요성이 증대되는 상황에서 한국은 논문 철회율과 연구부정 발생률이 세계 최상위 수준인 ‘연구부정 위험국’이다. 일본은 의생명과학 분야의 연구부정 편중, 연구윤리 후발국, 위계적 연구실 문화와 경쟁적 연구 환경이라는 면에서 한국과 비슷하기 때문에 일본의 연구부정 사례와 정책을 통하여 많은 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 일본은 특히 2010년대에 의생명과학 분야의 대형 연구부정 사건을 잇따라 일으키며 국제적인 오명을 남겼고, 그 후 국가 차원의 연구부정 대응책을 적극적으로 마련하였다. 그러나 과도한 경쟁을 부추기는 과학기술 정책이 유지되고 부정적인 연구 문화가 개선되지 않아 연구부정의 근절은 요원해 보인다. 이를 거울 삼아 일방적인 교육과 처벌에만 치중하지 말고 장기적으로 체계적 연구 인력 양성 및 안정적 고용 창출, 연구비의 승자 독식 및 과열 경쟁 체제 철폐, 상향식 정책 결정 추진, 바람직한 연구 문화의 조성을 통합적으로 추구함으로써 연구윤리 확보에 힘써야 할 것이다.

Abstract

Japan and South Korea both have relatively high rates of research misconduct in the biomedical sciences. These two countries also share other relevant characteristics, including being latecomers to research ethics and having hierarchical cultures and competitive research environments. Given these similarities, Korea can learn from Japan’s efforts to eradicate research misconduct. In the 2010s, after experiencing several high-profile cases of misconduct, Japanese authorities implemented measures to combat research misconduct at the national level. However, these measures have so far been outweighed by other policies that aggravate excessive competition and a negative research culture in science and technology. This article argues that the key lesson for Korea from Japan’s experiences fighting research misconduct is that instead of focusing only on research ethics education and punishment, it is necessary to (a) establish a system of manpower training with secure employment in science and technology, (b) abolish the ‘winner takes all’ strategy in research funding, and (c) promote bottom-up policy-making.

참고문헌 (62)

  1. Dollfuß H, "Analyse zurückgezogener Publikationen in der bibliografischen Datenbank Web of Science von 2004 bis 2014", GMS Med Bibl Inf, 15(1), pp.1~6 (2015)
  2. Michael L. Grieneisen, "A Comprehensive Survey of Retracted Articles from the Scholarly Literature", PLoS ONE, 7(10), pp.e44118~ (2012), Public Library of Science (PLoS)[DOI]
  3. "What a massive database of retracted papers reveals about science publishing’s ‘death penalty’"[URL]
  4. Matsuzawa T, "National research integrity system (NRIS) of foreign countries (1): Basic structural model and its typology", Joho kanri : gekkan JICST, 56(10), pp.697~711 (2014)
  5. "The Retraction Watch Leaderboard"[URL]
  6. Kupferschmidt K, "Tide of Lies", Science, 361, pp.636~641 (2018)
  7. Else H, "What universities can learn from epic case of research fraud", Nature, 570, pp.287~288 (2019)
  8. 미야가와 타쿠야, "일본의 연구윤리: 연구지침 위반에 대한 기관의 최근 대응 사례를 중심으로", 생명윤리, 9(2), pp.35~47 (2008), 한국생명윤리학회
  9. Council for Science and Technology, "Material #5: Representative cases of research misconduct", First meeting of Special Committee for Research Misconduct (2006)
  10. Investigative report on re-experiments of RNA-related research papers by Prof. Kazunari Taira et al. 2006 Jan 25, "Investigative Committee of Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo", ~ (2006)
  11. Final investigative report on research papers whose reproducibility was questioned by the RNA Society of Japan. 2006 Mar 29, "Investigative Committee of Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo", ~ (2006)
  12. Komazawa N, "Enhanced insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and thermogenesis in adipose-specific Pten suppression in mice", Nature Medicine, 10(11), pp.1208~1215 (2004)
  13. Slingsby BT, "Scientific Misconduct in Japan : The Present Paucity of Oversight Policy", Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 15, pp.294~297 (2006)
  14. "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 21st Century COE Program"[URL]
  15. "About Science Council of Japan"[URL]
  16. Committee for Science and Society, Science Council of Japan, "Regarding scientific misconduct and its prevention. 2003 Jun 24", ~ (2003)
  17. Committee for Science and Society, Science Council of Japan, "Current status and countermeasures for scientific misconduct. 2005 Jul 21", ~ (2005)
  18. Science Council of Japan, "Statement: Code of conduct for scientists. 2006 Oct 3", ~ (2006)
  19. Council for Science and Technology’s Special Committee on Misconduct in Research Activities, "Guidelines for responding to misconduct in research. 2006 Aug 8", ~ (2006)
  20. Kranke P, "Reported Data on Granisetron and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting by Fujii et al", Are Incredibly Nice!Anesthesia & Analgesia, 90, pp.1004~1006 (2000)
  21. Special Investigation Committee on Dr. Yoshitaka Fujii’s Papers, "The results of the investigation into Dr. Yoshitaka Fujii’s papers. 2012 Jun 28", ~ (2012)
  22. Cyranoski D, "Retraction record rocks community : Anaesthesiology tries to move on after fraud investigation", Nature, 489, pp.346~347 (2012)
  23. Interim investigation report of suspected publication misconduct in the former Kato Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences. 2013 Dec 25, "Committee for the Code of Conduct in Scientific Research", ~ (2013)
  24. Final investigation report of publication misconduct in the former Kato Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences. 2014 Dec 26, "Committee for the Code of Conduct in Scientific Research", ~ (2014)
  25. Kuroki T, "Research misconduct: Fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism by scientists", pp.102~103 (2016), Chuokoron-Shinsha
  26. Japan Science and Technology Agency, "Ex-post evaluation report of Kato Intranuclear Complex Project" (2010), ERATO
  27. Investigation report of the clinical research “Kyoto Heart Study.” 2013 Aug 9, "Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine", ~ (2013)
  28. Kuroki T, "Research misconduct: Fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism by scientists", pp.87~93 (2016), Chuokoron-Shinsha
  29. Kuroki T, "Research misconduct: Fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism by scientists", pp.90~ (2016), Chuokoron-Shinsha
  30. Japanese Association of Medical Sciences, "Opinions on “Kyoto Heart Study.” 2013 Jul 12", ~ (2013)
  31. RIKEN Committee on Suspected Research Papers, "Investigation report of suspected research papers. 2014 Mar 31", ~ (2014)
  32. RIKEN Committee on Research Papers, "Investigation report of research papers. 2014 Dec 25", ~ (2014)
  33. Reform Committee for the Prevention of Recurrence of Research Misconduct, "A proposal for the prevention of recurrence of research misconduct. 2014 Jun 12", ~ (2014)
  34. Sakamoto R, "Analysis on research integrity policy in Japan: Transition of guidelines and its Implication" (2016), The University of Tokyo
  35. Science Council of Japan, "Statement: Code of conduct for scientists, a revised version. 2013Jan 25", ~ (2013)
  36. Review Board for the Improvement of the Scientific Soundness, Science Council of Japan, "Proposal: Prevention of research misconduct and its post management for the improvement of the scientific soundness. 2013 Dec 26", ~ (2013)
  37. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "Guidelines for responding to misconduct in research. 2014 Aug 26", ~ (2014)
  38. "‘STAPgate’ shows Japan must get back to basics in science" (2014)[URL]
  39. Hickling Arthurs Low, "The state of research integrity and misconduct policies in Canada", pp.39~ (2009), Hickling Arthurs Low
  40. Office for Research Integrity Promotion, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, "Initiatives for Promotion of Research Integrity. 2021 Apr", ~ (2021)
  41. Editing Committee “For the Sound Development of Science”, "For the sound development of science: The attitude of a conscientious scientist. 2015 Feb", ~ (2015)
  42. "e-Learning course on research ethics"[URL]
  43. "The lab: To prevent research misconduct"[URL]
  44. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, "Responsible research practices to learn from cases: A casebook to instill awareness and learning. 2018 Mar", ~ (2018)
  45. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, "Near miss cases on research integrity. 2020 Mar", ~ (2020)
  46. "About APRIN"[URL]
  47. "APRIN e-learning program (eAPRIN)"[URL]
  48. "RIO network"[URL]
  49. "Outline of the legislative bill to partially revise the Act on Strengthening R&D Capabilities and Promoting Efficient R&D by Reforming the R&D Systems"[URL]
  50. "Act #63, 2008: Act on Revitalization of Science, Technology, and Innovation"[URL]
  51. "Regarding the investigation report of research papers"[URL]
  52. "Regarding the investigation results of specific research misconduct"[URL]
  53. "Regarding specific research misconduct by former center staff"[URL]
  54. "What is the impact of clinical research misconduct on patients in Osaka University Hospital?" (2021)[URL]
  55. "Publication misconduct at Kyoto University:Pressure to win research grants behind persistent misconduct?" (2019)[URL]
  56. Matsuzawa T, "Research misconduct in Japan:Macro-analysis based on open information (1)", Journal of Information Processing and Management, 56(3), pp.156~165 (2013)
  57. Subdivision on Graduate Schools in the Subdivision on Universities, "Material #5 for the 81st meeting: Basic current status data on graduate school education. 2017 May 30", ~ (2017)
  58. Miyagawa T, "An Empirical Study for Strengthening Research Integrity in Korea", pp.161~162 (2018), Science and Technology Policy Institute
  59. Asai A, "Conflicting messages concerning current strategies against research misconduct in Japan : a call for ethical spontaneity", Journal of Medical Ethics, 42, pp.524~527 (2016)
  60. National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, "Japanese Science and Technology Indicators 2021", pp.6~ (2021), National Institute of Science and Technology Policy
  61. "The Japan Times. 2015 Mar 26" (2015)[URL]
  62. Fudano J, "Aspirational ethics and engineering ethics education: The construction of engineering ethics education program which fosters engineers who aspire to contribute to the well-being of the society", Proceedings of Annual Conference of Japanese Society for Engineering Education, 66, pp.130~131 (2018)

관련 논문AI추천

연구윤리에 대한 국내외 규정과 제도비교이찬미, 이현복한국윤리학회 · 倫理硏究2010 · 제1권 제77호과학선진국의 연구윤리 가이드라인과 한국사회에의 시사점- 미국 · 영국 · 독일 · 덴마크 사례를 중심으로 -김문조, 김종길한국사회역사학회 · 담론2012010 · 제13권 제2호연구진실성 확립을 위한 정부의 부정행위 규제의 방향과 과제손경원한국윤리학회 · 倫理硏究2007 · 제1권 제66호국책연구기관 연구윤리평가 실태 및 개선방향김병철한국정책개발학회 · 정책개발연구2013 · 제13권 제2호세계 주요 국가의 연구윤리 관련 법제도 비교한상연, Eunonk Im국제지역연구원 · 아태연구2013 · 제20권 제3호연구윤리교육을 위한 쟁점과 사례 연구 - 인문⋅사회 분야를 중심으로 -김미경, 송인화한국사고와표현학회 · 사고와표현2022 · 제15권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)

대한의사협회 의사윤리지침과 미국의사협회 의료윤리규약의 비교·분석박형욱pp. 385-408탁월성을 추구하는 의료윤리교육을 통한 프로페셔널리즘 강화방안김준, 김선경, 김민지pp. 409-422건강데이터 소유권에 관한 윤리적 접근차현재, 김준혁pp. 423-459한국에서의 의료윤리 쟁점의 변화: 1945년부터 1999년까지 보건의료 부문 리베이트 언론 보도를 중심으로박형욱pp. 483-500임상간호사의 임종기 의료결정에 대한 지식이인숙, 김신미, 홍선우pp. 501-518
원문 보기