영조대 왕실연향의례의 국가전례 편입과 설행의 특징

Abstract

This study reviewed the changes in Royal Court Banquet in King Yeongjo reign, and examined the political use in King Yeongjo reign in the process of gradually changing the Royal Court Banquet rituals. The Royal Court Banquet is a combination of festival and ritual, it is a ceremony held when there is something to be celebrated in the royal family in the late Joseon Dynasty. The name, object, and purpose of the Royal Court Banquet rituals were changed over time. In this way, the intention of the king can be examined. It was given only to the king and the queen, to the queen mother, and to the great queen mother. It was strengthen the royal authority. Also, after the ceremony, Court Banquet Ritual supported royal politics by performing ‘與⺠同樂’ through the process of 推恩, and showed 孝悌 to pursue the 禮治 as a monarch of the Confucian state. The use of royal court banquet rituals as a political means is shown in Yeongjo’s reign. It was stipulated in 國朝續五禮儀·續大典·春官志 and its position as a national ritual was firmly established. In this situation, the royal family was re-recognized as a public entity. Also, by creating kinds of new smaller Court Banquet, he showed the authority and reduced the burden of the people, used it by transforming its object and purpose. In accordance with these changes, the Yeongjo period can be divided into three periods. First, in the first period, it is shown that the king was offering a royal court banquet rituals to the queen mother and great queen mother as in the previous precedent. He showed his filial piety for the stability of legitimacy at the beginning of King Yeongjo’s enthronement. However, in the second period as the legitimacy stabilizes, King Yeongjo also gave his subjects court banquet. These changes are related to the political image of King Yeongjo, who pursued 蕩平 at the time. In addition, the subject who requests the royal banquet was changed. After King Yeongjo’s entry into the 耆⽼所, the form of the royal banquet ritual in the early Joseon Dynasty, which was requested by the servants to the king, reappeared. It was intended to strengthen the royal authority by raising the king’s authority to the position of 君師 and 君父. In this context, it was intended to return to 禮學 in the early Joseon Dynasty, when the royal authority was strong. However, after 壬午禍 變, the position of the heir to the throne was reduced. As a result, in the final period, the royal court banquets were performed with the intention of solidifying the position of the Crown Prince. After breaking the 20-year hiatus, a new royal court banquet ritual, 受爵禮, was implemented at the request of the Crown Prince. After that, the form of requests from the Crown Prince to the king and the form requested by the servants from the king coexisted. And through a new royal court banquet called ‘進饌’, it shows frugality and the authority of the royal family. In the late Joseon Dynasty, factional strifes and rebellion were frequent, and the Rites of the nobles affected even the royal family. In such a trend of the times, King Yeongjo once again sought to return to the monarch‒ centered ritual studies. The change of royal court banquet rituals came to appear in the intention of the King Yeongjo.