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지속가능 소비 행동에서 성별 격차에 관한 연구

Gender Gap in Sustainable Consumption Behavior

김영두
한국소비자원 (Korea Consumer Agency)|2022.08|소비자문제연구 (journal of consumer policy studies)|제53권 제2호|pp. 171-210|DOI 10.15723/jcps.53.2.202208.171

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참고문헌

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sustainable consumptiongender gap자원재활용친환경 제품성별 격차eco-friendly productenergy conservation에너지 절약지속가능 소비녹색선도윤리적 구매resource recyclinggreen leadershipethical purchasing
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

지속가능 소비와 관련하여 몇 가지 특징적인 현상이 존재한다. 한 가지는 태도와 행동 간에 격차(Attitide-Behavior Gap)가 있다는 것이며, 다른 한 가지는 성별 격차(gender gap) 혹은 성별 효과(gender effect), 즉 전반적으로 여성이 남성보다 지속가능 소비와 관련된 행동에 더 적극적이라는 점이다. 그러나 이러한 성별 격차는 국가 간 비교 연구에서 나타나는 국가도 있고 나타나지 않는 국가도 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서는 한국소비자원의 『2021 한국의 소비생활지표』를 활용하여 우리나라에서도 지속가능 소비생활 행동에서 성별 격차가 나타나는지를 검증해 보았다. 지속가능 소비생활 전체(각 세부실천 영역의 합계 평균), 그리고 지속가능 소비생활 각 세부 실천 영역(친환경제품 구매, 에너지 절약, 자원 재활용, 녹색선도, 윤리 구매)을 구분하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 지속가능 소비생활 전체 및 각 세부 실천 영역 모두에서 여성이 남성에 비해서 지속가능 소비 행동 점수가 높게 나타났다. 이것은 전반적으로 그리고 각 세부영역별로 우리나라에서도 지속가능 소비 실천에서 성별 격차가 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있음을 의미한다. 성별 격차 혹은 성별 효과의 조절효과를 살펴보기 위하여 성별 구분과 다른 인구통계학적 변수(연령대, 소득수준, 학력수준, 결혼상태, 직업, 가족생애주기, 거주 지역)를 결합하여 성별 구분의 주효과와 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 성별 격차의 조절효과 역시 다수 발생하였으나, 성별 구분과 직업 간의 상호작용을 포함하는 경우에는 성별 주효과는 친환경 구매를 제외하고 나타나지 않았으며, 성별 구분의 조절효과는 성별 구분과 거주 지역 전 분야에서 나타났다. 이것은 거주 지역에 따라 지속가능 소비 실천 행동에 있어서 성별 효과가 크게 차이가 있음을 의미한다. 여성이 지속가능 소비 실천 행동에서 가장 적극적인 분야는 자원재활용이며, 각 분야별로 가장 높은 점수를 보인 경우는 지속가능 소비 실천 전반, 친환경 소비, 에너지 절약, 자원 재활용, 윤리 소비의 경우 대구지역 여성, 녹색선도 분야는 가구 소득 750만 원 이상에 속하는 여성으로 나타났다. 직업을 기준으로 볼 때 학생, 전문직, 농수축산수산업의 경우 여성이 남성보다 친환경 소비 실천을 덜 하는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

There are several character-based phenomena related to sustainable consumption. One is the attitude-behavior gap, and the other is the gender gap or gender effect. In the gender gap, women are found to be typically more proactive than men in exhibiting behaviors related to sustainable consumption. This gender gap, however, has only been proven in some countries thus far. The study used data from the Korea Consumer Agency’s 2021 Korea Consumption Life Index to verify that this gender gap in sustainable consumption behavior is present in Korean society as well. The study analyzed data from both the overall sustainable consumption life (total average of each sub-category) as well as each sub-category of sustainable consumption life (eco-friendly product purchase, energy conservation, resource recycling, green leadership, and ethical purchase) individually. Women’s sustainable consumption behavior scores were found to be higher than men’s in all sub-categories and in overall sustainable consumption. This means that there is a clear gender gap in the practice of sustainable consumption in Korea as a whole and in each sub-category. In order to examine the moderating impact of gender, this study analyzed data based on gender in conjunction with other demographic variables (age, income. education levels, marital status, family life cycle, occupation, region of residence). The moderating effects of gender were seen in all permutations except when gender was analyzed with occupation. The moderating effect of gender were seen in all sub-categories when analyzed with region of residence. This means that their is a significant difference in the impact of the gender gap on sustainable consumption practices when region of residence is taken into account. The category where women were found to be most active in sustainable consumption was in resource recycling. Women in Daegu had the highest score in overall sustainable consumption, eco-friendly consumption, energy conservation, resource recycling, and ethical consumption. The green leadership category was most prevalent among women with a household income of 7.5 million won or more. In terms of occupation, women working as students, as professionals, and in the agricultural, livestock and fishery industries were found to be less likely to practice eco-friendly consumption than men.

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