중국 개혁·개방 40년의 긍·부정적 효과와 중국경제 3.0

Abstract

This study analyzed the main achievements of the 40th anniversary of reform and open-up policy with positive and negative effects, and then newly established major steps of reform and open-up policy for prospecting the future of Chinese economy. Since the reform and open-up policy in 1978, the Chinese economy has grown an average annual growth rate of 9.5%, and now is the world's second largest economy. However, there are many problems such as export-led growth structure, economic inequality and polarization, etc. Therefore, the Chinese government emphasized the goal of sustainable growth and distribution with China Dream at the top of national political agenda, when the era of Xinjingping(习近平)-Likeqiang(李克强) began. Since the reform and open-up policy in 1978, challenges and changes of Chinese economy can be classified as follows; First, the era of reform and open-up 1.0(1978-2000) was passive, partial, and self-initiated reform and open-up under the leadership of Dengxiaoping(邓小平). Second, the era of reform and open-up 2.0(2001-2012) was active, overall, and external-shocked reform and opening since the WTO accession in 2001. Third, the era of reform and open-up 3.0(2013-present) is centered sustainable growth, reform, and distribution for balanced development. Especially, it leads the fourth industrial revolution using ICT and leads to the development of the whole service industry in preparation for capital market open-up. Therefore, the viewpoint of the world for the future Chinese economy is expected to be further divided into ‘China Threat’ and ‘China Risk’.