“Culture and Development" in South Korea and Japan's Official Development Assistance:The Interplay between International Norms and Domestic Ideas
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The global community has recognized the significance of culture, especially its functions and values, in the context of development; however, it remains unclear how developed countries support the promotion of culture in partner countries. This is mainly due to the gaps in the literature concerning this field. In addition, when literature on foreign aid states culture, it generally meant cultures in a donor country or the cultural aspect of a donor’s diplomacy rather than the diversity of culture or local cultures in developing countries. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this article examines the culture-centered Official Development Assistance (ODA) programs adopted by South Korea and Japan. To this end, we present an overview of the common features and characteristics of the culture-centered ODA programs implemented by Japan and South Korea and analyzes two ODA projects: the Kaman-Kalehöyük Archaeological Museum in Turkey by Japan and the National Museum in the Democratic Republic of Congo by South Korea. The analysis shows that the interplay between cultural norms in the context of development and pre-existing domestic ideas about development determine the ways in which Japan and South Korea implement culture-centered ODA programs. The pre-existing domestic ideas are shaped by their experience in the field of development as well as their national identities. In addition, it shows how Japan and South Korea have provided cultural ODA in pursuit of national interests as a means to strengthen their soft power.
Abstract
The global community has recognized the significance of culture, especially its functions and values, in the context of development; however, it remains unclear how developed countries support the promotion of culture in partner countries. This is mainly due to the gaps in the literature concerning this field. In addition, when literature on foreign aid states culture, it generally meant cultures in a donor country or the cultural aspect of a donor’s diplomacy rather than the diversity of culture or local cultures in developing countries. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this article examines the culture-centered Official Development Assistance (ODA) programs adopted by South Korea and Japan. To this end, we present an overview of the common features and characteristics of the culture-centered ODA programs implemented by Japan and South Korea and analyzes two ODA projects: the Kaman-Kalehöyük Archaeological Museum in Turkey by Japan and the National Museum in the Democratic Republic of Congo by South Korea. The analysis shows that the interplay between cultural norms in the context of development and pre-existing domestic ideas about development determine the ways in which Japan and South Korea implement culture-centered ODA programs. The pre-existing domestic ideas are shaped by their experience in the field of development as well as their national identities. In addition, it shows how Japan and South Korea have provided cultural ODA in pursuit of national interests as a means to strengthen their soft power.
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