아시아 도시의 재난취약성과 인도주의 건축의 역할
Disaster Vulnerability in Asia and Role of Humanitarian Architecture
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아시아의 (대)도시는 경제성장의 엔진역할을 해 왔지만, 동시에 과도한 인구집중과 산업화로 빈곤과 양극화, 주택․기반시설 부족, 환경오염과 교통문제 등이 고착되면서 홍수, 태풍, 지진, 쓰나미 등 재해발생 시 많은 인적, 물적 피해를 경험하여왔다 특히 최근에는 이러한 도시화의 부작용과 기후변화가 결합되면서 자연재해가 더 빈번해지면서 재해취약계층의 어려움은 가중되고 있다. 학제적이고 시론적인 본 논문은 도시화와 불평등한 취약성에 주목하고, 협력적 거버넌스 프레임을 참조하면서 최근 부상하고 있는 인도주의 건축 개념을 설명하고 건축가의 역할을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 논문의 주된 내용은 다음과 같다. 먼저 급속한 도시화 결과의 양면성과 빈곤층의 재난취약성에 대하여 논의한 다음(2장), 주민의 현장지식과 참여그룹 간 협력을 기반으로 하는 재난관리 단계별 주요활동을 설명하고(3장), 협력적 거버넌스를 위한 건축가의 사회적 책임과 인도주의 건축의 개념을 정리한 후, 인도주의 건축의 역할을 주도적 역할과 참여적 역할로 나누어 단계별로 제시한다(4장).
Abstract
Many cities of Asian region have played a leading role of national economic development measured by their proportion of Gross Domestic Product(GDP). Nonetheless, these cities also have exposed such problems as poverty and polarization, shortage of housing and infrastructure, environmental pollution and traffic congestion due to excessive concentration of population and production facilities. Frequent occurrence of large-scale natural disasters including typhoon, flooding, earthquake, tsunami tend to further aggravate vulnerability of disaster-prone areas and people in Asian cities. Focusing on the unequal level of vulnerability and referring to collaborative governance framework, this exploratory paper discusses and suggests the concept and role of humanitarian architecture recently emerging among academic arena as well as disaster areas. The remaining contents are provided hereunder. Chapter II discusses double-edges of rapid urbanization and disaster vulnerability of the poor. Based upon people's local knowledge and collaborative efforts among participants, stepwise activities required for disaster management are explained in Chapter III. The first half of Chapter IV discusses the issue of architect's social responsibility, and provides an operational definition of the concept of humanitarian architecture. The second half explores/suggests possible role of architects in the humanitarian space.
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