자연재난 극복을 위한 아시아 비정부기구(NGOs)의 연계‧협력
Networking and Cooperation among Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs) to improve Natural Disaster Management in Asia
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지구면적의 30%에 걸쳐 세계인구의 69.3%가 거주하는 아시아는 최근의 대형 재난경험에서도 알 수 있듯이 자연재난에 가장 취약한 대륙중의 하나이며, 여러 재난현장에서 ‘재난관리의 정부실패’가 관찰되고 있다. 그러므로 효율적인 대응 및 복구를 위해 현장중심의 거버넌스 접근에 주목할 필요가 있으며, 특히 비정부기구(NGO)의 역할과 그들 간의 연계ㆍ협력은 구호와 복구활동의 효율성을 제고하는 데 선도적 역할을 할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구는 NGO의 역할 및 그들 간 연계ㆍ협력의 방향을 논의함으로써 재난거버넌스 연구축적에 기여함을 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 커뮤니티의 입지와 지형, 도시화 및 비공식 주거를 중심으로 ‘장소의 취약성’을 분석하고(2장), 이재민의 ‘대응의 취약성을 설명함으로써 (3장), NGO 간 연계ㆍ협력의 필요성과 중요성을 강조한다. 4장에서는 거버넌스 측면에서 재난NGO의 역할을 논의한 다음, 아시아 주요국의 재난NGO 현황을 설명하고, 마지막으로 연계ㆍ협력의 핵심가치와 주요 원칙을 제시한다.
Abstract
Government failures revolving around disaster management in Asia have been largely recognized in many devastated areas, and thus it is imperative to establish a new approach, namely disaster governance paradigm. In particular, activities by Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs) and their networking and cooperation with other NGOs would play a leading role to improve efficiency of relief and recovery performances. In the vein, the objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledges of disaster governance by discussing role of disaster NGOs and the strategic orientations for the networking and cooperation among NGOs. For the purpose, the concept of ‘vulnerability as place’ is discussed from the aspects of location and topography, urbanization and informal settlements, and then provides some qualitative analyses of vulnerability as people's response plausibly characterized as ‘disrupted humanitarian space’. It also elaborates the strengths of NGOs at the stage of relief, then discusses five core values - beyond border, good governance, mutual help, field-oriented), transparency - and primary principles such as communication and sharing, collaboration and coordination, nondiscrimination, demand responsiveness, promptness/timeliness and practice by which networking and cooperation among NGOs would be realistically improved as well as internally strengthened.
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