The Evolution of India’s Language Policy: A Critical Analysis
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This study aims to critically analyze the evolution of India’s language policy. Scholarly studies hold that political dynamics play a key role in shaping the trajectory of language policy of any country. We employed this perspective to demonstrate that how India’s political dynamics has influenced the evolution of its language policy. This paper has divided the trajectory of India’s language policy into four phases. The first phase includes the origin of India’s ‘multilingual’ approach in the post-independence era, which was a direct result of political dynamics at that time. The second phase began when anti-Hindi agitation led by the South’s non-Hindi speaking states became the prime issue in Indian politics, which in turn gave rise to a new discourse with regard to language policy. The third phase includes a scenario where a number of initiatives were taken by policymakers in order to bridge the North-South divide with regard to language policy issue. The fourth and the latest phase starts with the adoption of an intensive Hindi promotion policy vis-à-vis other Indian languages by the current BJP-led central government. What are the implications for this latest development with regard to Hindi promotion strategy? This article concludes that any effort to disrupt the multilingual essence of the country is likely to revive and widen the North-South divide over language issue.
Abstract
This study aims to critically analyze the evolution of India’s language policy. Scholarly studies hold that political dynamics play a key role in shaping the trajectory of language policy of any country. We employed this perspective to demonstrate that how India’s political dynamics has influenced the evolution of its language policy. This paper has divided the trajectory of India’s language policy into four phases. The first phase includes the origin of India’s ‘multilingual’ approach in the post-independence era, which was a direct result of political dynamics at that time. The second phase began when anti-Hindi agitation led by the South’s non-Hindi speaking states became the prime issue in Indian politics, which in turn gave rise to a new discourse with regard to language policy. The third phase includes a scenario where a number of initiatives were taken by policymakers in order to bridge the North-South divide with regard to language policy issue. The fourth and the latest phase starts with the adoption of an intensive Hindi promotion policy vis-à-vis other Indian languages by the current BJP-led central government. What are the implications for this latest development with regard to Hindi promotion strategy? This article concludes that any effort to disrupt the multilingual essence of the country is likely to revive and widen the North-South divide over language issue.
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