Multilingualism and the English-Plus Policy in Education
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Language plays a significant role in making education universally available, hence the language policy in education is becoming more important than ever. This paper is to examine the multilingualism and the language policies in America, including the debates of English as the official language (or the English-Only policy) and the multilingual policy in education. America has its root on multilingual or polyglot heritage, so multilingualism is now an inseparable part of America. In the context of multilingualism, the monolingual policy like English as the official language is neither plausible nor retainable. As the majority of the population is multilingual, language policy should be centered on the multilingual speakers as the norm, not on the monolingual speakers. In this paper, we suggest that instead of the monolingual English-Only policy, the bilingualism encompassing the term ‘multilingualism’ is the best route which we can follow as a language policy in education. More specifically, we propose the English-Plus policy aiming at bilingual fluency in both English and those other languages that are constitutive of the multilingualism.
Abstract
Language plays a significant role in making education universally available, hence the language policy in education is becoming more important than ever. This paper is to examine the multilingualism and the language policies in America, including the debates of English as the official language (or the English-Only policy) and the multilingual policy in education. America has its root on multilingual or polyglot heritage, so multilingualism is now an inseparable part of America. In the context of multilingualism, the monolingual policy like English as the official language is neither plausible nor retainable. As the majority of the population is multilingual, language policy should be centered on the multilingual speakers as the norm, not on the monolingual speakers. In this paper, we suggest that instead of the monolingual English-Only policy, the bilingualism encompassing the term ‘multilingualism’ is the best route which we can follow as a language policy in education. More specifically, we propose the English-Plus policy aiming at bilingual fluency in both English and those other languages that are constitutive of the multilingualism.
참고문헌 (35)
- Baron, D, "English in a Multicultural America", Social Policy, 21(4) (1991)
- Bhatia, T, "Bilingual Language Mixing, Universal Grammar, and Second Language Acquisition. In Handbook of Second Language Acquisition", pp.627~689 (1996), Academic Press
- Bhatia, T, "Introduction. In Handbook of Bilingualism" (2004), Blackwell Publishers
- Bierswisch, M, "Universal Grammar and the Basic Variety", Second Language Research, 13(4), pp.348~66 (1997)
- Brisk, M. E. A, "Language Policies in American Education", Journal of Education, 163 (1981)
- Cable, C, "Bilingualism and Inclusion: More Than Just Rhetoric?", Support for Learning, 21 (2006)
- Cashman, H. R, "Who Wins in Research on Bilingualism in an Anti-Bilingual State?", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 27 (2006)
- 최숙희, "언어능력과 이중언어교육", 언어연구, 24(4), pp.817~838 (2009), 한국현대언어학회
- Chomsky, N, "Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origins, and Use" (1986), Praeger
- Chomsky, N, "The Architecture of Language" (2000), Oxford University Press
- Cook, V, "Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition" (1993), Longman
- Crystal, D, "English as a Global Language" (1977), Cambridge University Press
- Crystal, D, "Encyclopedia of the English Language" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Dicker, S. J, "US Immigrants and the Dilemma of Anglo-Conformity", Socialism & Democraticsocialism, 22 (2008)
- Dutcher, N, "The Use of First and Second Languages in Education: A Review of Educational Experience, World Bank, East Asia and the Pacific Region", Washington, DC, ~ (1994)
- Fisiak, J, "An Outline History of English, Vol. 1: External History" (1995), Kantor Wydawniczy Saww
- Foley, J, "New Englishes: The Case of Singapore" (1988), Singapore University Press
- Flynn, S, "Multilingualism: Today's World and Tomorrow's Future ms" (2007), MIT
- Flynn, S, "The Cumulative-Enhancement Model for Language Acquisition: Comparing Adults’ and Children’s Patterns of Development in First, Second and Third Language Acquisition of Relative Clauses", International Journal of Multilingualism, 1(1), pp.3~17 (2004)
- Graddol,D, "The Future of English" (1997), British Council
- Grosjean, F, "Individual Bilingualism In The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics", pp.1656~60 (1994), Pergamon Press
- Grosjean, F, "Studying Bilinguals" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Hong, S, "Bilingualism and National Identity: Koreans’ Perception of Canada", Korean Review of Canadian Studies, 12, pp.81~102 (2006)
- Joos,M, "Readings in Linguistics" (1957), American Council of Learned Societies
- Kachru,B.B, "Teaching World Englishes", Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), pp.85~95 (1989)
- Kim,Y.S, "English As a World Language", Proceedings of ISSC, 3 (2003)
- Kim, Y. S, "2010 Principles of English Syntax", Ajin Publishing Co
- Mesthrie, R, "World Englishes: An Introduction to New Language Varieties" (2008), Cambridge University Press
- Pride,J.B, "New Englishes" (1982), Newbury House
- Schildkraut,D.J, "One” for English Language Policy, Public Opinion, and American Identity" (2005), Princeton University Press
- Schmidt,R, "The Role of Consciousness in Second Language Learning", Applied Linguistics, 11, pp.129~58 (1990)
- Schmidt,R, "Racialization and Language Policy: The Case of the U.S.A. Multilingua 21", ~ (2002)
- Scollon, R, "Intercultural Communication: AD is Course Approach" (2000), Blackwell
- Stavans, I, "English as the Official Language? San Francisco Bay Area News, Sports, Business, Entertainment, Classified: SF Gate", 10 Aug. 2006. San Francisco Chronicle, ~ (2006)
- Yip, V, "The Bilingual Child" (2007), Cambridge University Press