인도-파키스탄 분립 과정에 나타난 무슬림 진영의 경제적 인식: 전인도무슬림상공회의소연합의 설립과 초창기 활동을 중심으로 1940-1947
Economic Perception of Indian Muslim in the Process of Partition - Focusing on the Establishment of the Federation of Muslim Chamber of Commerce and Industry of India and Its Initial Activities, 1940-1947
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본 연구에서는 1940-1947년 사이 인도-파키스탄 분립과정에서 무슬림 진영의 정치 지도자들과 대자본가들이 어떠한 경제적 인식을 가지고 있었는지에 대해 전인도무슬림상공회의소연합의 설립 과정과 초창기 활동을 통해 살펴보았다. 진나를 중심으로 한 전인도무슬림연맹은 파키스탄을 위한 경제적 프로그램을 수립하는데 있어 전문가도, 충분한 시간도 갖지 못한 상황을 타개하고자 무슬림 대자본가들을 결집하여 네트워크를 형성하고 신생 국가 건설을 위한 예비 작업, 특히 경제 부문에 있어서의 실질적 준비 단계로 삼고자 하였다. 인도의 무슬림 자본가들은 진나와 전인도무슬림연맹에 전폭적인 지지를 보내며 협조하였다. 그들은 힌두 자본가들과의 경쟁에서 뒤쳐진 것을 인식하고 있었고, 향후 인도국민회의와 비무슬림 자본가들이 결탁할 경우 인도에서 무슬림의 입지가 더욱 좁아질 것에 두려움을 느끼고 있었다. 무슬림 자본가들은 인도가 힌두 자본가들에게 많은 기회를 제공하듯이 파키스탄은 무슬림 자본가들에게 많은 기회를 제공할 것으로 기대하였다. 진나와 무슬림 대자본가들은 인도 무슬림들이 처한 경제적 후진성에 공감대를 형성하고 인도 무슬림 자본가들의 단합을 이루는데 반드시 필요한 전국 규모의 경제단체로서 전인도무슬림상공회의소연합의 설립을 추진하였다. 이 조직은 파키스탄 분립운동의 막바지에 중요한 동력을 제공했으며, 특히 인도 무슬림 자본가들 사이에서 경제민족주의적 감정을 더욱 견고하게 조직화하여 파키스탄 분립 요구를 더욱 구체적인 것으로 만들었다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study focused on the economic perceptions of Muslim political leaders and capitalists on the partition between India and Pakistan through the founding process and early activities of the Federation of Muslim Chamber of Commerce and Industry of India. Jinnah and the Muslim League sought to bring together Muslim-capitalists to form an economic network in order to overcome the lack of time for building a new nation, especially as a practical preparation step in the economic sector for Pakistan. Muslim capitalists in India cooperated with Jinna and the Muslim League with full support. They were aware of falling behind in competition with Hindu capitalists and feared that Muslim capitalists' positions in India would become narrower if the Indian National Congress and non-Muslim capitalists colluded in the future. Muslim capitalists expected Pakistan to offer Muslim capitalists opportunities, just as India offers many opportunities for Hindu capitalists. Jinnah and Muslim big capitalists have pushed for the establishment of the the Federation of Muslim Chamber of Commerce and Industry of India as a nationwide economic organization that is essential for the unity of Indian Muslim capitalists. This did not have a direct political effect on its initial activities, but provided a significant driving force to the end of the separation movement for Pakistan. In particular, it is significant that the establishment of the Federation had organized sentiment among Indian Muslim capitalists, making Pakistan's somewhat unclear and ambiguous demands more tangible.
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