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중국 백지 시위와 코로나 정책 변화: 청년층의 시위 참여와 온라인 파급력

China's White Paper Protests and Their Online Impact

김진용
한국아시아학회 (The Korean Association Of Asian Studies(Kaas))|2024.11|아시아연구 (The Journal of Asian Studies)|제27권 제4호|pp. 121-142|DOI 10.21740/jas.2024.11.30.2.121

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참고문헌

키워드

COVID-19코로나 19경로 의존성Path DependencyInternet Censorship백지 시위제로 코로나온라인 검열White Paper ProtestsZero-Covid
주제분류지역학

초록

이 연구는 시위를 통해 정책 변화로 이어진 비율이 가장 낮은 세계적 상황에서, 중국인들이 어떻게 정부의 봉쇄 정책에 대항해 백지 시위를 성공적으로 이끌었는지를 규명했다. 우선 2022년 11월 우루무치 화재 사망 사건은 중국인들이 공유된 불만을 형성해 전국으로 시위가 확산될 수 있는 기폭제 역할을 했다. 이어서 시진핑 체제를 강하게 옹호하던 청년층이 시위에 적극적으로 가담하면서 노동자, 지식층, 중산층이 시위에 동참할 수 있는 동력을 제공했다. 특히 이들은 온·오프라인 활동이 결합된 하이브리드(Hybrid) 저항을 전개했다. 젊은 시위대가 대학가를 중심으로 백지 시위를 전개하는 동안, 제로 코로나 정책으로 이동이 제한된 중국인들은 자국의 검열 시스템에 앞서 시위의 당위성과 공감대, 그리고 전개 과정을 온라인으로 전파했다. 그 결과 중국 전역에서 백지 시위가 산발적으로 발발했으며, 위드 코로나 전환에 핵심 역할을 할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study sheds light on how the Chinese successfully organized their White Paper Protests in a context where protests have one of the lowest rates of translating into policy change globally. First, the deadly fire in Urumqi served as a catalyst for people to form a shared grievance that spread protests across the country. Subsequently, the youth, who used to be strong defenders of Xi Jinping regime, actively participated in the protests, providing the impetus for workers, intellectuals, and the middle class to join the ranks. Notably, the protesters used a hybrid form of resistance that combined online and offline activities. While young protesters organized protests centered on university campuses, Chinese people, whose movement were restricted due to the Zero-Covid Policy, were able to spread the word about the protests, their cause and resonance, and their progress online ahead of their country's censorship system. This led to sporadic outbreaks of White Paper Protests across the country, playing a major role in the transition to “With Corona.”

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