태국 민주주의의 혼란: 국가와 시민사회의 부조화
The Confusion of Democracy in Thailand: Discord of the State and the Civil Society
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What's wrong with Thai democracy? This article aims to elaborate democratic factors and identify necessary conditions for democratic consolidation and then explain current Thai political situation based on the analytical framework of democracy. The author defines Thai politics since the 2006 coup as the confusion of democracy and argues that the main reason is attributed to the discord of the state and the civil society in Thailand. The unstable state with constitutional distort and leadership conflict and the immature civil society resulted in the discord of the state and the civil society. Eventually this situation is responsible for the confusion of Thai democracy. The 1997 constitution was evaluated democratic and prone to bring strong government, however, actually charismatic prime minister Thaksin came up with it and the ruling party dominated the opposition parties. The 2006 coup which eliminated Thaksin paradoxically introduced the 2007 constitution which was filled with undemocratic clauses. The constitution as the state structure was aggravated by the interest of the military and the conservative factions in Thailand. The leadership problem came from the conflict between the traditional leadership of the King and the entrepreneurial leadership of Thaksin. The specific characters of the two leadership put some obstacles on Thai democratic development. The waning King's leadership which was too strong in the past and the cunning Thaksin's leadership which was criticized as populism have negative impact on Thai democracy. The immaturity of the Thai civil society hampers democratic endurance. The dual standard of the media and the civil organizations distorted Thai democracy. Some media said that the elected government could be expelled by the military and supported the coup. Civil organizations were separated into two colors, anti-Thaksin yellow shirts and pro-Thaksin red shirts. Two groups have been fighting alternatively on the street in Bangkok. Thai civil society does not take the sufficient role of consolidating Thai democracy
Abstract
What's wrong with Thai democracy? This article aims to elaborate democratic factors and identify necessary conditions for democratic consolidation and then explain current Thai political situation based on the analytical framework of democracy. The author defines Thai politics since the 2006 coup as the confusion of democracy and argues that the main reason is attributed to the discord of the state and the civil society in Thailand. The unstable state with constitutional distort and leadership conflict and the immature civil society resulted in the discord of the state and the civil society. Eventually this situation is responsible for the confusion of Thai democracy. The 1997 constitution was evaluated democratic and prone to bring strong government, however, actually charismatic prime minister Thaksin came up with it and the ruling party dominated the opposition parties. The 2006 coup which eliminated Thaksin paradoxically introduced the 2007 constitution which was filled with undemocratic clauses. The constitution as the state structure was aggravated by the interest of the military and the conservative factions in Thailand. The leadership problem came from the conflict between the traditional leadership of the King and the entrepreneurial leadership of Thaksin. The specific characters of the two leadership put some obstacles on Thai democratic development. The waning King's leadership which was too strong in the past and the cunning Thaksin's leadership which was criticized as populism have negative impact on Thai democracy. The immaturity of the Thai civil society hampers democratic endurance. The dual standard of the media and the civil organizations distorted Thai democracy. Some media said that the elected government could be expelled by the military and supported the coup. Civil organizations were separated into two colors, anti-Thaksin yellow shirts and pro-Thaksin red shirts. Two groups have been fighting alternatively on the street in Bangkok. Thai civil society does not take the sufficient role of consolidating Thai democracy
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