본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

초기 성인기 사회불안 수준에 따른 자기 참조적 주의편향 및 기억편향에서의 차이

Differences Between Self-Referential Attention Bias and Memory Bias According to Early Adult Social Anxiety Levels

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 자기 참조적 주의편향과 기억편향이 사회불안 수준에 따라 차이를 보이는지 살펴보았다. 성인 참가자 110명은 고사회불안, 중간사회불안, 저사회불안, 건강 집단으로 구분되었다. 주의편향은 공간단서과제, 기억편향은 출처감찰과제를 사용하여 탐색되었다. 과제의 자극 참조조건은 나, 타인이 보는 나 및 타인의 세 대상을 제시하였다 주의편향은 연구의 관심에 따라 후기 주의 과정의 주의 탈개입 편향 점수(DBS)를 사용했다. 기억편향은 출처감찰 패러다임 수식 중 학습 단어 출처 판단 정확 능력을 측정하는 출처변별 정확률(CSIM)과비학습 단어의 출처 추측을 측정한 추측 지표(g)를 사용했다. 그 결과, 고사회불안 집단은 건강 집단과 달리 타인이 보는 나 참조조건에서부정 자극으로부터 주의 탈개입에 어려움을 보였다. 기억편향에서는 중간사회불안 집단이 건강 집단보다 타인 참조조건의 긍정 자극에 대한 출처 변별 정확률이 높게 나타났다(CSIM). 이는 해당 자극에서 주의 회피 경향을 보였던 건강 집단과 달리 중간사회불안 집단은 어떠한 주의편향도 나타내지 않았던 결과를 반영하는 것임을 시사한다. 자기 참조조건을 도입하여 사회불안 집단의 주의와 기억 처리 과정의관계에 대한 본 연구 결과의 임상적 의의를 논의하였다.

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate self-referential attention bias and memory bias according to social anxiety levels in early adulthood. Participants (N=110) were divided into four groups: high social anxiety (HSA), middle social anxiety (MSA), low social anxiety (LSA), and healthy control (HC). Attention bias was measured using spatial cueing task, and memory bias was measured using a source monitoring task. Stimuli of the tasks were presented under three conditions for the tasks: self-reference (SR1), perception of self by others (SR2), and other-reference (OR). Disengagement bias scores (DBS) were used as an attention bias. Conditional Source Identification Measure (CSIM) was used to measure the ability to recognize the source of the words learned and guess indicator (g) was used to measure the ability to guess the source of words not learned. According to the attention task results, the HSA group had difficulty disengaging attention (DBS) from negative stimuli at SR2 compared to the HC group. In the memory task, the MSA group showed higher accuracy for positive stimulus of OR than the HC group (CSIM). This reflects the result that, unlike the HC group that avoided positive stimulus of OR, the MSA group showed no attention bias. The clinical significance of the findings in this study on the relationship between attention and memory processing in social anxiety groups was discussed by introducing self-referential conditions.

참고문헌 (70)

  1. Abraham, A., "Self-referential and anxietyrelevant information processing in subclinical social anxiety : an fMRI study", Brain Imaging and Behavior, 7, pp.35~48 (2013)
  2. American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)", American Psychiatric Publication, ~ (2013)
  3. Amir, N., "Attentional bias to threat in social phobia : Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, pp.1325~1335 (2003)
  4. Asmundson, G. J., "Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia : Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, pp.107~117 (1994)
  5. Batchelder, W. H., "Multinomial processing models of source monitoring", Psychological Review, 97, pp.548~ (1990)
  6. Bayen, U. J., "The use of schematic knowledge about sources in source monitoring", Memory & Cognition, 28, pp.480~500 (2000)
  7. Beck, A. T., "Frontiers of cognitive therapy", pp.1~25 (1996), The Guilford Press
  8. Bell, R., "Source attributions for detected new items: Persistent evidence for schematic guessing", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, pp.1407~1422 (2020)
  9. Boehme, S., "Neural correlates of emotional interference in social anxiety disorder", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0128608~ (2015)
  10. Buckner, J. D., "Difficulty disengaging attention from social threat in social anxiety", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, pp.99~105 (2010)
  11. Chen, N. T., "Biased attentional processing of positive stimuli in social anxiety disorder : An eye movement study", Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41, pp.96~107 (2012)
  12. 최성은, "사회적 불안 상황에서 시각조망과 해석 수준의 효과", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 19(1), pp.283~301 (2014), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
  13. Chon, K. K., "Integrated adaptation of CES-D in Korea", Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6, pp.59~76 (2001)
  14. Cisler, J. M., "Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders : An integrative review", Clinical Psychology Review, 30, pp.203~216 (2010)
  15. Clark, D. M., "Information processing in social phobia", Biological Psychiatry, 51, pp.92~100 (2002)
  16. Clark, D. M., "A cognitive model of social phobia", Social phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment, 41, pp.22~23 (1995)
  17. Conway, M. A., "The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system", Psychological Review, 107, pp.261~ (2000)
  18. Conway, M. A., "The self and autobiographical memory : Correspondence and coherence", Social Cognition, 22, pp.491~529 (2004)
  19. Corbetta, M., "Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, pp.201~215 (2002)
  20. Danneel, S., "Internalizing problems in adolescence : Linking loneliness, social anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms over time", Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, pp.1691~1705 (2019)
  21. D’Argembeau, A., "Self-referential reflective activity and its relationship with rest : A PET study", Neuroimage, 25, pp.616~624 (2005)
  22. Fox, E., "Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 130, pp.681~ (2001)
  23. Frith, U., "Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, pp.459~473 (2003)
  24. Gamble, A. L., "The time-course of attention to emotional faces in social phobia", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, pp.39~44 (2010)
  25. Gotlib, I. H., "Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, pp.127~ (2004)
  26. Gutchess, A., "Shared mechanisms may support mnemonic benefits from self-referencing and emotion", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22, pp.712~724 (2018)
  27. Hirsch, C. R., "Information-processing bias in social phobia", Clinical Psychology Review, 24, pp.799~825 (2004)
  28. 김윤희, "학습부진 아동의 실행기능향상을 위한 집단게임놀이치료프로그램 효과", 정서·행동장애연구, 26(4), pp.293~322 (2010), 한국정서행동장애학회
  29. The survey of mental disorders in Korea, "Hong, J. P.", Ministry of Health and Welfare, ~, pp.MOHW Publication No. 11-1352000-000564-13 (2017)
  30. 장한비, "주의 편향 수정 훈련이 사회불안 증상에 미치는 영향: 작업기억 용량을 중심으로", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39(3), pp.242~256 (2020), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  31. Jeon, H. J., "The self and other representations and self-focus attributes of college students with social anxiety with concerns for offending others", Clinical Psychology in Korea:Research and Practice, 3, pp.67~94 (2017)
  32. Johnson, M. K., "Source monitoring", Psychological Bulletin, 114, pp.3~ (1993)
  33. Kalenzaga, S., "The self-reference effect in memory : An implicit way to assess affective self-representations in social anxiety", Memory, 26, pp.894~903 (2018)
  34. Kashdan, T. B., "Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences : Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis", Clinical Psychology Review, 27, pp.348~365 (2007)
  35. 김지윤, "긍정 평가에 대한 부정적 해석과 사회불안의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 임상심리 연구와 실제, 4(1), pp.157~186 (2018), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  36. Kim, H. K., "Do images of the self affect the retrieval of autobiographical memories", Clinical Pychology in Korea : Research and Practice, 1, pp.21~41 (2015)
  37. 김민정, "사회불안 상황 이후 사회불안 집단의 인지적 처리과정 : 사후사건처리를 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 20(1), pp.329~346 (2015), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
  38. 김경미, "자기 참조적 출처 기억에서의 자기 긍정 편향", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 24(1), pp.47~61 (2010), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
  39. 구훈정, "사회불안장애의 주의개입, 탈개입 및 회피과정: 자극 위협가의 차별적 효과", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), pp.707~746 (2015), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  40. 구교성, "내면화된 수치심과 사회불안의 관계에서 긍정적 사회적 상황에 대한 해석편향의 매개효과", 인지행동치료, 19(4), pp.505~524 (2019), 한국인지행동치료학회[DOI]
  41. Schlenker, B. R., "Social anxiety and self-presentation : A conceptualization model", Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp.641~669 (1982)
  42. LeDoux, J. E., "Emotion circuits in the brain", Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, pp.155~184 (2000)
  43. Lee, J. Y., "A study of the reliability and the validity of the Korean versions of Social Phobia Scales(K-SAD, KFNE)", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16, pp.251~264 (1997)
  44. 이준득, "부정적 자기 도식 수준에 따른 출처감찰과제 수행", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(4), pp.630~641 (2017), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  45. 이준득, "출처 감찰 연구의 개관: 기본개념, 측정이론 및 도식 편향 현상에 대해", 한국심리학회지:일반, 36(3), pp.397~420 (2017), 한국심리학회[DOI]
  46. LeMoult, J., "Attention and Memory Biases in social anxiety disorder : The role of comorbid depression", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, pp.47~57 (2012)
  47. Libby, L. K., "Looking back in time : self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, pp.167~ (2002)
  48. Mansell, W., "How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the observable self", Behaviour research and therapy, 37, pp.419~434 (1999)
  49. Mansell, W., "Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces", Cognition &Emotion, 13, pp.673~690 (1999)
  50. Mitte, K., "Memory bias for threatening information in anxiety and anxiety disorders : A meta-analytic review", Psychological Bulletin, 134, pp.886~ (2008)
  51. Mogg, K., "Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, pp.160~ (2004)
  52. Moriya, J., "Attentional disengagement from socially threatening stimuli in social anxiety", The Japanese Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 4, pp.123~131 (2007)
  53. 오경자, "청소년기 사회불안의 발생과 유지의 심리적 기제 Ⅰ: 행동억제기질, 부모양육태도 및 외상경험의 영향", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(3), pp.577~596 (2003), 한국임상심리학회
  54. Pilkonis, P. A., "The personal and social dynamics of shyness", Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology, pp.131~160 (1979)
  55. Pishyar, R., "Attentional bias for words and faces in social anxiety", Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 1, pp.23~36 (2004)
  56. Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp.385~401 (1977)
  57. Rapee, R. M., "A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, pp.741~756 (1997)
  58. Rodebaugh, T. L., "Social phobia and perceived friendship quality", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, pp.872~878 (2009)
  59. Sanz, J., "Memory biases in social anxiety and depression", Cognition & Emotion, 10, pp.87~106 (1996)
  60. 신미연, "사회불안 경향성자의 위협자극에 대한 주의편향의 시간과정", 한국심리학회지:일반, 26(2), pp.207~223 (2007), 한국심리학회
  61. Silvia, P. J., "Biased recognition of happy facial expressions in social anxiety", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, pp.585~602 (2006)
  62. 심현진, "대학생의 아동기 대인간 외상경험과 사회불안의 관계에서 내면화된 수치심의 매개효과", 상담학연구, 14(6), pp.3709~3722 (2013), 한국상담학회[DOI]
  63. Taylor, S. E., "Portrait of the self-enhancer : Well adjusted and well liked or maladjusted and friendless", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, pp.165~ (2003)
  64. Vassilopoulos, S. P., "Social anxiety and the vigilance-avoidance pattern of attentional processing", Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, pp.13~ (2005)
  65. Watson, D., "Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, pp.448~ (1969)
  66. Weeks, J. W., "The disqualification of positive social outcomes scale : A novel assessment of a long-recognized cognitive tendency in social anxiety disorder", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, pp.856~865 (2010)
  67. Weeks, J. W., "Exploring the relationship between fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, pp.386~400 (2008)
  68. Yeung, R. C., "Social anxiety enhances recognition of task-irrelevant threat words", Acta Psychologica, 194, pp.69~76 (2019)
  69. 윤혜영, "사회불안장애의 인지행동치료효과; 주의편향과 암묵적 자존감을 중심으로", 인지행동치료, 13(2), pp.211~234 (2013), 한국인지행동치료학회
  70. Young, J. E., "Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach" (1990), Professional Resource Exchange, Inc

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)