「목민대방(牧民大方)」속에 나타난 군현(郡縣)의 통치구조 및 운영방식 분석

Abstract

After two wars, Joseon pursued social change in various ways and faced steady economic growth and stable international conditions in the 18th century. These changes have also been seen ideologically and in the ways of state control, which have naturally extended from the interest of central government to the heads of local governments. Hong Yang-ho’s MokminDaebang was written based on this period of time and was based on his own experiences as a local official and a central official, so it will be helpful to understand the local government situation and governance structure of that era. Among the local governance units of Joseon, the lowest local government ruled by a local official appointed by the king is Gunhyeon(郡縣). These provincial governors were responsible for all local affairs, including administrative, judicial and military operations within the governing zone. In order to effectively govern local governments during the early Joseon Dynasty, local governments consisted of six departments(六房) that assisted the governor’s governance and an institution(鄕廳) that inspected the affairs of local officials. However, in the late Joseon Dynasty, villages grew significantly due to the development of agricultural productivity and the growth of the monetary economy in the local village. Under these circumstances, the state established and implemented ‘the Five-House Act(五家作統法)’ and ‘the Myeonri System(面里制)’ to expand its central control to the local village. This change in local governance in the late Joseon Dynasty has been well reflected in Hong Yang-ho’s MokminDaebang which has abundant experience as a local official, central official, and scholar. Hong Yang-ho’s MokminDaebang consists largely of an introduction (篇題), a main body (六典之屬, 什伍相聯之制) and a conclusion (後題). And the introduction describes the local government’s governing ideology, the main body describes the local government’s governing style, and the conclusion is the spirit and attitude of the local governor. Therefore, this book is a collection of achievements and ideas of Hong Yang-ho’s own life. It is also the book to guide the people well by reflecting the worries and prescriptions of the time as a central official, local official, local official, and scholar. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to understand the contents of the original text of MokminDaebang in the literature through text mining and network analysis methods and examine the governance of local governments conceived by Hong Yang-ho.