생태학적 관점에서의 현대기술론과 인간교육에 관한 비판적 고찰

Abstract

Mankind history and human existence evolved in accordance with the development stage of technique. Human beings and nature have formed the history of mutual evolution by labor method to have the relation of life with nature, that is, technique. Dimension of technique prescribes human existence. In the period of hunting and gathering, primitive appeared. And, in the period of agriculture and stock-farming, ancient civilized people appeared. And, in commercial and industrial period, free citizen appeared. And, in industrial technique period, modern civilized people appeared. Technique has evolved human spirit, life level, and nature at the same time. Then, evolution of mankind who evolved through technique came to face serious alienation and ecology crisis since the beginning of high-degree technique society. So, modern education is being required for groping for new human being type to overcome the crisis of anti-ecological technique period and seek life society. So as to perform this, pedagogic reestablishment of technique which is based on ecological viewpoint is necessary. Modern technique constructed the anti ecological civilization of today, advocating operation principle and tool principle on the basis of modern science philosophy to be represented by Bacon, Descartes and Yaspers. In gear with it, modern education aimed at the training of human being type to have nature-ruling-knowledge and technique power, and it has instructed the knowledge to correspond with it consistently. As the result, essential relation between human beings and nature was destroyed. And, human autonomy, morality and human true character as creative subject are in the crisis that they will be lost. in this period, modern education should perform basic reflection and re-recognition for modern technique and human being type. About this, Heidegger and Jangja presented the criticism theory of existen tial dimension. To them, technique is not simple means. According to Heidegger, technique is to reveal the truth of God which is hidden in nature to actuality(getting out of concealment) and to unify human being and nature as the will of God through it. Technique is just the will of God. And, technique of Jangja is the excellent method of universe that heaven and earth enable human beings and all things to be born and grow(technique of heaven and earth and mother). In addition, it is the existence method that human beings may exist along the way of nature. Heidegger and Jangja penetrated that the character and use of human being-centered technique is antiecological and insisted on the technique to unite and evolve human being and nature jointly. Ecological Technique means life-oriented technique to use nature along the way of nature and moral technique. In addition, ecological human being means human being type to restore human being existence and destroyed nature by practicing such ecological technique and to evolve modern material civilization to universal life culture. Modern education will have to illuminate the educational relation between technique and human being again and will have to achieve direction conversion so that each ecological meaning may be realized.