듀이의 교양교육 개조론에 대한 연구
A Study on Dewey's Reconstruction in Liberal Education
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이 연구는 민주주의 사회에서 듀이의 교양교육의 개조에 대하여 논의한다. 전통적 관점에서 교양교육을 주장하는 많은 사람들과 마찬가지로 듀이는 교양교육이 인간의 수월성의 성취를 지향해야 한다는 데는 동의하지만, 듀이는 교양교육을 민주사회에서 보편적 교육의 의미로 설명하면서, 교양교육은 그 자체로 목적인 동시에 수단이 되어야 한다고 주장한다. 이러한 교양교육에 대한 듀이의 주장은 전통적 입장과는 그 배경이나 이상에 있어서 차이가 있다. 듀이에 있어서는 교양교육이 일상적으로 유용한 교육과 대립되는 것이 아니며, 삶과 괴리된 고정된 지식의 전수를 의미하지도 않는다. 듀이의 교양교육론은 일체의 유용성과 수월성, 직업교육과 교양교육을 분리시키는 전통적 이원론을 부정하며, 목적과 수단, 유용성과 수월성이 통합되는 교육을 추구하는 것이다. 요컨대, 듀이의 교양교육론에 따르면, 교육 사태에서는 공동체 내의 참여와 열린 의사소통을 통해 지적인 수월성을 추구하는 것과 동시에 민주적 미덕과 사회적 지성을 계발하는 일이 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 전통적 교양교육의 입장과 듀이의 주장 간의 차이를 밝힘으로써 민주사회에서 교양교육의 목적과 역할은 어떠해야 하는가, 교양교육에서 이원론 극복의 의미가 현대 민주주의의 교육에 주는 의미는 무엇인가를 중심으로 논의한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss Dewey's reconstruction in liberal education. It mainly focuses on Dewey's criticism on the traditional liberal education regarding the possibility of character forming through liberal education. Though Dewey agrees with many people on the fact that liberal education should be aimed to accomplish the intellectual excellence, Dewey's argument on liberal education is different from traditional stance with regard to its background and the ideal. Compared Dewey's argument to that of people who hold the traditional view toward liberal education, Dewey insists that liberal education should be both ends-in-itself and means. This is Dewey's will which refuses dualistic division in education, and he describes liberal education in terms of general education for building excellence of members in democratic society. Dewey's belief which the ideal of democracy and human have great plasticity is the most essential to the education for democratic character formation. By means of such belief of Dewey, the meaning of liberal education is to be reconstructed. Dewey has an agreement with people who support traditional liberal education in that liberal education realizes the best form of human excellence. However, the democratic ideal of Dewey requires to ensure that every people can enjoy the experience of liberal education. This kind of opinion is somewhat distant from the general meaning of liberal education by this time. Liberal education performs its proper roles of democratic character forming in liberal democratic society. Liberal education is one of the systems which seek for the excellence of human in democratic society regime. Dewey breaks down walls between liberal education and practical education, and presents the role of liberal education for democratic character forming in democratic society through overall approaches toward liberal education.
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