해양경찰사 小考 - 한말 개항장(開港場)의 감리서(監理署)와 경무서(警務署)를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Korea's ports were opened to foreign trade under port treaties of 1876 - 1902. Beginning with the port of Pusan, Wonsan and Inchon were opened to foreign trade in Korea in that order. They were followed with some intervals by such ports as Kyonghung, Hoenyong, Chinnampo, Mokpo, Kunsan, Changwon, Songjin, Pyongyang, Yongam and Uiju. Kamniso was established at all of those treaty ports. In the later parter of Lee Dynasty, the picture of foreign settlement underwent significant changes. Following the opening of country, the powers demanded the right of settlement in competition. As the result, variety of settlements came into being in Korea at the time. They can be grouped into three kinds: the General Foreign Settlement, the Special Japanese Settlement, the Special Chinese Settlement. Actually Foreigner reside in over the open port which were the area of the foreigner's residence. Police stations at open ports was first set up in 1896 at Inchon, Dongrae, Duckwon, Kyonghung. Until 1905, Police stations was established at Samhwa, Kunsan, Changwon, Songjin, Mokpo, Yongchun. While the Port Authority was in operation, powers of the Port Administer, called Kamni, expanded in proportion to expansion of its functions and scale. Police stations and Courts at open ports were placed under the control of the Kamni. Although the Port Authority was placed under the Provincial Magistrate in terms of administrative hierarchy, the Kamni enjoyed identical status with the latter as far as matters concerning foreigners in open ports were concerned. This article attempts to verify the history of maritime police in open ports, especially police stations. This article takes the historical approach of analysis on Maritime police Science to search for the process of how the maritime police function was introduced to korea from japan mainly during the era of 1876 - 1905. Through analyzing diverse historical data, discovery of maritime police history in open ports is given to help understand police system in Korea. By focusing on era of open period in the later parter of Lee Dynasty, this article attempts to look for origins of maritime police.