자유교육 기원에 관한 논쟁 검토: 뮤어(J. Muir)의 논의를 중심으로
The Debate on the Origin of Liberal Education: Focused on Muir's View
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자유교육은 (학교)교육의 전형으로 간주될 만큼 오랫동안 교육에 중대한 영향을 미쳐왔다. 현대적 자유교육 개념은 허스트가 정치한 교육이론으로 정립한 것이며, 영미 분석적 교육철학자들에 의해 그 가치가 정당화 되어 왔다. 허스트가 자유교육의 기원을 아리스토텔레스에서 찾은 이후, 자유교육의 기원이 아리스토텔레스라는 사실이 일반적으로 받아들여져 왔다. 이에 대해 뮤어는 그러한 통설을 포함한 자유교육의 논의들이 공통적으로 역사적 무지에서 비롯되었거나 역사적으로 중요한 부분을 누락시켰으며, 철학적 전통과 교육학적 전통을 혼동한 데서 비롯된 것이라고 반박하였다. 그에 의하면, 자유교육의 기원은 아리스토텔레스라기보다는 이소크라테스이다. 자유교육의 기원에 대한 논쟁은 교육철학과 교육의 역사적 사실, 그리고 철학적 전통과 교육학적 전통의 관계에 대한 검토를 필요로 한다. 자유교육 기원에 대한 논쟁은 결국 상이한 자유교육의 개념에서 비롯된 것임을 밝힌다. 허스트가 원리 혹은 정신으로서의 자유교육의 기원을 제시한 것이라면, 뮤어는 프로그램으로서의 자유교육의 기원을 제시한 것으로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Liberal education as the pursuit of theoretical knowledge, which was elaborated by P.H Hirst, has been regarded as a typical form of (school) education. Hirst's theory of liberal education developed the Aristotelian conception of liberal education. It is therefore taken for granted that the origin of liberal education was from Aristotle's idea. However, J. Muir refuted the generally accepted view. The purpose of this study is to examine Muir's view on the origin of liberal education. According to him, the common view on the origin of liberal education has a weak stance in two grounds, i.e. lack of historical facts and not justly considering the differences between the philosophical tradition and the educational tradition. He claims that the liberal education was from Isocrates's idea, for Isocrates established his school prior to Aristotle's one historically, as well as the school curriculum being based on the seven liberal arts. The question of whether Muir's view is correct could be answered after examining the relationship between historical facts and philosophical arguments of liberal education, and the validity of his distinction between the philosophical tradition and the educational tradition in detail. Regardless of whether his view on the origin of liberal education is right, it should be noted that there is a striking difference between Hirst's view and Muir's view; which was fundamentally due to different conceptions of liberal education., i.e. liberal education as a principle for Hirst and liberal education as a programme for Muir.
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