실험공간으로서의 학교: 듀이의 삶과 사상을 중심으로
School as an Experimental Environment: Focusing on Dewey's Life and Ideas
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초록
찰스 퍼스, 윌리엄 제임스와 함께 존 듀이는 프래그머티즘의 선구자로 잘 알려져 있다. 프래그머티스로서 듀이는 철학을 교육의 일반이론으로 정의하였으며, 교육을 철학이론의 실험실이라 생각하였다. 구체적으로, 듀이는현대 사회에서처럼 복잡하고 빠르게 변화하는 상황에서 학교라는 특별한 환경이 필요하며, 이러한 사회의 변화에맞추어 학교 역시 철저하게 변화할 필요가 있다고 보았다. 따라서 듀이에게 학교는 ‘변화’를 시도해야하기에 학교는 실험적인 공간이다. 이 연구의 목적은 ‘실험공간으로서의 학교’가 듀이에게 어떠한 의미이며 학교교육에 어떠한 시사점을 줄 수있는지 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 철학자였던 듀이가 어떻게 교육에 관심을 가지게 되었는지에 대해 살펴봄으로써 듀이가 교육에 대한 특별한 관심과 열정을 가지고 있었음을 보이고, 이어서 듀이에게 있어 실험공간으로서의 학교가 가지는 의미를 두 가지 측면으로 살펴보았다. 첫째, 철학자로서 자신의 교육이론을 실험하는 공간으로서의 학교의 의미 둘째, 학생들이 민주시민의 자질을 경험하고 실천하는 실험실로서의 학교의 의미를 논의하였다. 마지막으로 듀이의 사상이 우리교육에 주는 의미와 시사점을 살펴보았다.
Abstract
John Dewey is well known as one of the pioneers of pragmatism, along with Charles Pierce and William James. Dewey, a pragmatist, defined philosophy as the general theory of education and considered education a laboratory of philosophy. He believed that in the complex and fast-changing situation of modern society, the special environment called school is needed. Schools also need to be thoroughly changed in line with the changes in society. Therefore, for Dewey, school comprises an experimental environment because it has to try “change.” This study aims to see what “school as a laboratory” means to Dewey and what implications it can have for school education. Thus, the study will first look at how Dewey, a philosopher, became interested in education to show that he had a special interest and passion for education. The study will then examine two aspects of the meaning of school as an experimental environment for Dewey. The first is the meaning of the school as a place to experiment with his theory of educational philosophy, and the second is the meaning of the school as a laboratory where students experience and practice the qualities of democratic citizens. Finally, the study considered the meaning and implications of Dewey's ideas for education in Korea.
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