가족과 정치 태도: 가족 구성원 간 정치 대화와 설득이 정치 냉소와 관심에 미치는 영향
Family and Political Attitudes: Effects of Political Conversation and Persuasion (Mobilization) among family members on Political Interest and Cynicism
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구는 가족 내 정치 대화와 설득(동원)이 정치에 대한 냉소와 관심에 미치는 영향에 주목한다. 한국 문화의 강한 가족주의적 특성은 가족 구성원이 다른 가족 구성원의 정치 태도와 행위에 지대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 인식된다. 한국 사회를 포함한 모든 사회에서 가족은 가장 중요한 정치사회화 기관이다. 그러나 한국인의 정치 태도와 행위를 가족관계의 영향력의 시각에서 분석한 연구는 소수에 불과하다. 이 연구는 가족 구성원과의 상호작용이 어떻게 정치 태도의 형성으로 이어지는가를 자료의 분석을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로 이 연구는 가족 구성원 간 정치를 두고 이루어지는 대화와 설득(동원)이 정치 냉소와 관심에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석한다. 즉 가족과 정치 대화를 많이 하고 가족 구성원에 의해 특정 후보를 지지해 달라고 요청을 받은 경험이 있는 경우, 정치 관심이 높고 냉소는 낮을 것이라고 가정한다. 아울러 정치 대화와 설득이 정치 관심과 냉소에 미치는 영향은 응답자의 연령대에 따라 달라질 것으로 주장한다. 이 연구는 가족 내 정치 대화와 설득이 정치 관심과 냉소에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 2016년 한국종합사회조사(KGSS)를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 정치 대화는 정치 관심을 증가시키고 냉소를 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 가족 구성원에 의한 설득(동원)은 부분적으로 유의미한 결과를 보이지만, 정치 대화가 가진 영향력보다는 덜한 것으로 드러났다. 다만 설득(동원)의 효과는 전 연령대에 걸쳐 동일하지 않으며, 고령일수록 가족 구성원에 의한 동원의 경험이 오히려 냉소를 강화시키고 있었다. 반면에 정치적 사안을 두고 이루어지는 가족 구성원 간 대화를 통해 젊은 층의 낮은 정치 관심은 개선되고 있었다.
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of political conversation and persuasion (voter mobilization) among family members on political interest and cynicism. As Korean culture is well known for its strong familism, it is assumed that the family context largely affects political attitudes and behaviors. Obviously, family is one of the most important agents for political socialization in most countries. However, little empirical research has been done on the relationship between family and politics. The primary goal of this article is to investigate how family interactions lead to the development of political attitudes by exploiting survey data. Specifically, this study analyzes the effects of political conversation and persuasion (voter mobilization) on political interest and cynicism. In other words, we hypothesize that political conversation and voter mobilization among family members will increase the degree of political interest but decrease the level of cynicism. Meanwhile, we argue that the effects of political conversation and persuasion on political interest and cynicism depend on the age of the respondent. We employ 2016 KGSS data to examine the effects of political conversation and persuasion on political interest and cynicism. Our analysis validates the supposition that political conversation develops political interest and reduce cynicism. Although mobilization by family members also has significant effects on both variables partially, they are weaker than the impacts of conversation. Additionally, it is confirmed that mobilization does not have equal effects regardless of age and that mobilization even exacerbates the problem of cynical attitudes as the respondent is older. On the contrary, family conversation on political issues successfully mitigates the decreased level of political interest as the respondent is younger.
참고문헌 (79)
- 권혁남, "2012 국회의원 총선에서 나타난 미디어 이용, 정치 냉소주의, 투표 참여 간의 관계에 관한 연구", 한국언론정보학보, 60(4), pp.28~51 (2012), 한국언론정보학회
- 권혁남, "전략적 뉴스가 정치 냉소주의, 투표참여에 미치는 개인적 특성 효과연구 : 2010 지방선거를 중심으로", 한국언론학보, 57(1), pp.5~27 (2013), 한국언론학회
- 김기동, "일상적 정치 대화의 결정요인:온라인과 오프라인 대화의 비교 연구", 사회과학연구, 34(1), pp.229~256 (2018), 사회과학연구소[DOI]
- 김도경, "가족 내에서의 정치사회화에 관한 연구: 자녀에 대한 어머니의영향력을 중심으로", 공공정책연구, 28(2), pp.37~57 (2011)
- 김명희, "동아시아 분단체제의 재구성 장치로서 친밀적 공공권(親密的 公共圈)의 가능성: 코리언 디아스포라 생활세계 비교연구를 위한 하나의 시론", 민주주의와 인권, 16(2), pp.351~398 (2016), 5.18연구소
- 김석호, "2012년 국회의원선거 분석" (2012), 나남
- 김석호, "2012년 대통령선거 분석" (2013), 나남
- 김석호, "지방선거와 국회의원선거에서 유권자들은 다른 이유로 투표하는가?: 동원과 시민성의 선거 간 차별적 효과에 대한 연구", 조사연구, 16(3), pp.105~139 (2015), 한국조사연구학회
- 박상호, "포털뉴스 이용동기가 인터넷 자기효능감, 정치적 신뢰, 정치냉소주의와 정치참여에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국언론학보, 53(5), pp.153~175 (2009), 한국언론학회
- 박원호, "2012년 대통령선거 분석" (2013), 나남
- 백광열, "한국의 가족주의와 가족 관념: ‘사회결합’론의 관점", 한국사회학, 52(4), pp.115~159 (2018), 한국사회학회
- 송원숙, "가족 의사소통 유형에 따른 청소년의 정치사회화 차이 연구", 한국청소년연구, 29(2), pp.69~96 (2018), 한국청소년정책연구원[DOI]
- 이은혜, "한국의 가족주의와 시민참여: 가정 내 사회적 역할이 결사체 참여에미치는 영향", 석사, 사회학과, pp.2016
- 이택휘, "정치사회화의 이론과 실제-도덕성의 발달과의 관련에서", 한국정치학보, 14, pp.439~461 (1980)
- 장경섭, "한국사회 제도적 가족주의의 진단과 함의 - 소득보장, 교육, 돌봄 영역을 중심으로 -", 가족과 문화, 27(3), pp.1~38 (2015), 한국가족학회[DOI]
- 함인희, "가족사회학 연구의 동향과 전망", 한국사회, 15(1), pp.87~128 (2014), 한국사회연구소[DOI]
- 홍재우, "“아버지와 나는 다르다?” 세대정치와 정치사회화 :19대 국회의원 선거에 나타난 대학생의 가족 내 정치사회화의 영향력", 21세기정치학회보, 22(3), pp.183~211 (2012), 21세기정치학회[DOI]
- Agger, R. E., "Political cynicism : Measurement and meaning", The Journal of Politics, 23(3), pp.477~506 (1961)
- Angres, S. B., "Intergenerational relations and value congruence between young adults and their mothers", Doctoral, pp.1975
- Berelson, B. R., "The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign" (1968), Columbia University Press
- Berelson, B. R., "Voting: A study of opinion formation in a presidential campaign" (1954), University of Chicago Press
- Bennett, L. L., "Enduring gender differences in political interest : The impact of socialization and political dispositions", American Politics Quarterly, 17(1), pp.105~122 (1989)
- Campbell, A., "The american voter" (1960), University of Michigan Press
- Chaffee, S. H., "The social influence process", pp.50~59 (1972), Al dine-Atherton
- Chang, Y, "The Personalist Ethic and the Market in Korea", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 33, pp.106~129 (1991)
- Cox, K. R, "On the utility and definition of regions in comparative political sociology", Comparative Political Studies, 2(1), pp.68~98 (1969)
- Curtice, J, "Spatial and contextual models in political research", pp.195~211 (1995), Taylor and Francis
- Daub, A., "Introduction : Family Politics", Republics of Letters : A Journal for the Study of Knowledge, Politics and the Arts, 3(2), pp.1~7 (2013)
- Davies, J. C, "The family's role in political socialization", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 361(1), pp.10~19 (1965)
- Dekker, H, "Democracy, socialization and conflicting loyalties in East and West", pp.386~410 (1996), Palgrave Macmillan
- Dekker, H., "Political cynicism: Conceptualization, operationalization, and explanation. Politics", Culture and Society, 3(1-2), pp.33~48 (2012)
- Downs, A., "An economic theory of democracy" (1957), Harper & Row
- Eagles, M., "Spatial and contextual models in political research" (1995), Taylor & Francis
- Eagles, M, "Spatial and contextual models of political behavior : an introduction", Political Geography, 14(6-7), pp.499~502 (1995)
- Elenbaas, M., "The effects of strategic news on political cynicism and vote choice among young voters", Journal of Communication, 58(3), pp.550~567 (2008)
- Finkel, S. E, "Reciprocal Effects of Participation and Political Efficacy : A Panel Analysis", American Journal of Political Science, 29, pp.891~913 (1985)
- Fiske, S. T., "McGraw-Hill series in social psychology. Social cognition" (1991), Mcgraw-Hill Book Company
- Foucault, M., "Histoire de la sexualité: La volonté de savoir" (1976), Gallimard
- Fraser, J., "The mistrustful-efficacious hypothesis and political participation", The Journal of Politics, 32(2), pp.444~449 (1970)
- Gerber, A. S., "Big five personality traits and responses to persuasive appeals : Results from voter turnout experiments", Political Behavior, 35(4), pp.687~728 (2013)
- Gidengil, E., "Political socialization and voting : The parent–child link in turnout", Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), pp.373~383 (2016)
- Glaser, W. A, "The family and voting turnout", Public Opinion Quarterly, 23(4), pp.563~570 (1959)
- Grasso, M. T., "Age, period and cohort analysis in a comparative context : Political generations and political participation repertoires in Western Europe", Electoral Studies, 33, pp.63~76 (2014)
- Hagestad, G. O., "Role change in adulthood: The transition to the empty nest" (1977), University of Chicago
- Hanson, G., "The 2008 presidential campaign : Political cynicism in the age of Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube", Mass Communication and Society, 13(5), pp.584~607 (2010)
- Huckfeldt, R., "Discussant effects on vote choice : Intimacy, structure, and interdependence", The journal of politics, 53(1), pp.122~158 (1991)
- Huckfeldt, R., "Citizens, politics and social communication: Information and influence in an election campaign" (1995), Cambridge University Press
- Jennings, M. K., "The Oxford handbook of political behavior" (2007)
- Jennings, M. K., "Partisan orientations over the long haul : Results from the three-wave political socialization panel study", American Political Science Review, 78(4), pp.1000~1018 (1984)
- Generations and Politics : A Panel Study of Young Adults and Their Parents, "Jennings, M. K.", ~ (1981)
- Jennings, M. K., "Politics across generations : Family transmission reexamined", The Journal of Politics, 71(3), pp.782~799 (2009)
- Johnston, R. J, "The neighbourhood effect revisited : spatial science or political regionalism?", Environment and Planning D : Society and Space, 4(1), pp.41~55 (1986)
- Kaid, L. L., "Civic dialogue in the 1996 presidential campaign: Candidate, media, and public voices" (2000), Hampton Pr
- 김석호, "Voluntary Associations, Social Inequality, and Participatory Democracy in the United States and Korea", 한국사회학, 45(3), pp.125~154 (2011), 한국사회학회
- Lyons, S. R, "The political socialization of ghetto children : Efficacy and cynicism", The Journal of Politics, 32(2), pp.288~304 (1970)[DOI]
- Mayer, J. D., "Gendered political socialization in four contexts : political interest and values among junior high school students in China, Japan, Mexico, and the United States", The Social Science Journal, 41(3), pp.393~407 (2004)
- McClurg, S. D, "Social Networks and Political Participation : The Role of Social Interaction in Explaining Political Participation", Political Research Quarterly, 56, pp.448~464 (2003)
- McClurg, S. D, "Political disagreement in context : The conditional effect of neighborhood context, disagreement and political talk on electoral participation", Political Behavior, 28(4), pp.349~366 (2006)
- McClurg, S. D, "The electoral relevance of political talk : Examining disagreement and expertise effects in social networks on political participation", American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), pp.737~754 (2006)
- McDevitt, M., "From top-down to trickle-up influence : Revisiting assumptions about the family in political socialization", Political Communication, 19(3), pp.281~301 (2002)
- McDevitt, M., "Casting youth as information leaders : Social media in Latino families and implications for mobilization", American Behavioral Scientist, 58(5), pp.701~714 (2014)
- McDonough, P., "Democratization and Participation : Comparing Spain, Brazil, and Korea", The Journal of Politics, 60, pp.919~953 (1998)
- Miller, N. R., "Graph-theoretical approaches to the theory of voting", American Journal of Political Science, pp.769~803 (1977)
- Neundorf, A., "Beyond political socialization: New approaches to age, period, cohort analysis", Electoral Studies, 33, pp.1~6 (2014)
- Nickerson, D. W, "Is voting contagious? Evidence from two field experiments", American political Science review, 102(1), pp.49~57 (2008)[DOI]
- Norris, P., "Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance" (1999), Oxford University Press
- Olson, D. H., "Families: What makes them work", pp.171~186 (1983), Sage
- Park, C., "Social Capital and Democratic Citizenship : The Case of South Korea", Japanese Journal of Political Science, 6, pp.63~85 (2005)
- Partheymüller, J., "Voters and voting in context: Multiple contexts and the heterogeneous German electorate", pp.13~42 (2017), Oxford University Press
- Putnam, R. D., "Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy" (1993), Princeton University Press
- Redlawsk, D. P., "How voters use campaign information on-line versus memory-based processing in a presidential election", Doctoral, pp.1997
- Rodgers Jr, H. R, "Toward explanation of the political efficacy and political cynicism of black adolescents : An exploratory study", American Journal of Political Science, 18(2), pp.257~282 (1974)
- Rolfe, M., "Voter turnout: A social theory of political participation" (2012), Cambridge University Press
- Rosenstone, S. J., "Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America" (1993), Macmillan Publishing Company
- Sears, D. O., "Evidence of the long-term persistence of adults' political predispositions", The Journal of Politics, 61(1), pp.1~28 (1999)[DOI]
- Southwell, P. L, "The effect of political alienation on voter turnout, 1964-2000", Journal of political and military sociology, pp.36~ (2008)
- Tilley, J., "Ageing and generational effects on vote choice : Combining cross-sectional and panel data to estimate APC effects", Electoral studies, 33, pp.19~27 (2014)
- Ventura, R, "Family political socialization in multiparty systems", Comparative Political Studies, 34(6), pp.666~691 (2001)
- Zuckerman, A. S., "Partisan families: The social logic of bounded partisanship in Germany and Britain" (2007), Cambridge University Press
