언어산출에서 문장성분의 길이가 어순에 미치는 영향
Constituent length and word order preference in language production
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초록
한국어 원어민을 대상으로 제시된 주어, 간접(여격) 목적어, 직접(대격) 목적어, 그리고 동사를 자유로이 배열하여 문장을 발화하도록 하는 실시간 문장산출 실험을 실시하였다. 실험의 결과는 (i) 간접 목적어와 직접 목적어의 길이가 동일할 경우 간접 목적어를 직접 목적어 앞에 두는 어순이 선호되지만, (ii) 관계절의 수식을 통해 두 목적어의 길이를 달리 했을 경우 격과 무관하게 길이가 긴 목적어를 짧은 목적어 앞에 두는 어순이 선호된다는 것을 입증하고 있다. 핵어후치 언어에서 관찰되는 이러한 ‘long before short’ 선호도는 논항의 핵어들과 술어를 되도록 문장 끝부분에 밀집시켜 논항구조 처리의 효율성을 높이고자 하는 언어처리기제의 특성에 따른 것이라고 설명할 수 있다.
Abstract
We conducted a psycholinguistic experiment in which participants orally produced sentences using a subject, a dative object, an accusative object, and a verb, provided just before the production. Results of the experiment are twofold: (i) Korean speakers basically produce the dative object earlier than the accusative one if the lengths of the objects are identical. (ii) If there is a length difference between the two objects, though, the longer one strongly tends to be placed before the shorter one, overriding the preference for ‘dative-accusative’ order. This ‘long before short’ preference which is generally observed in head-final languages appears to reflect the underlying tendency of the processing mechanism to put the heads of arguments and the predicate as closely as possible, thereby minimizing the cost for the processing of verb-argument structure.
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