AI와 인간다움의 의미 : 불교의 관점에서
AI and the Meaning of Humanity : A Buddhist Perspective
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본논문은인공지능(AI)의급속한발전이인간의본질적특성과‘인간다움’에던지는철학적·종교적질문을불교철학의관점에서탐구한다.인간이아직지능의본질이무엇인지다알지못하는상황에서자신과유사한인공지능을만들기시작했기때문에,인공지능은태생적으로인간에게불안감을안길수밖에없는존재이다.본논문은AI가 인공신경망을통해데이터를학습함으로써인간의지능을모방해왔지만,여전히경험(觸)의총체성,심층마음인아뢰야식(阿賴耶識),식(識)의전환과지혜의현현이라는인간 고유의정신구조에도달하지못하고있다고본다. 불교철학에서경험은감각기관(根),대상(境),식(識)의총합으로이루어지며,이는단순한 연산이상의체화된(embodied)인식과정이다.AI는몸-마음-세계의상호연기적경험으로서의촉(觸)을동일하게구현할수없다.또한불교에서인간의인식은단순한신경망의산출물이아니라몸(有根身)과기세간(器世間),업(業)을포괄하는아뢰야식의심층적 차원에서이루어진다.이심층의식은수행을통해전환(轉依)되어네가지지혜인대원경지(大圓鏡智),평등성지(平等性智),묘관찰지(妙觀察智),성소작지(成所作智)로드러나는데,이러한식의전환과지혜의발현은AI가가지지못하는인간의다른차원이다. 『금강경』에서제시한바와같이,불교적관점에서인간다움은표상을넘어선실재를통찰하려는지향성,연기적세계에대한외경(畏敬),윤리적결단과헌신,관계성과책임성과같은차원에근거한다.결론적으로AI기술이진전되더라도인간고유의심층의식, 지혜,윤리적책임성은대체될수없으며,AI가인간에게유익한도구가되기위해서는 이러한인간다움의철학적이해를바탕으로한윤리적통제와책임있는활용이필수적이다.
Abstract
This paper explores the philosophical and religious questions that the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) poses to the essential characteristics of humanity and being human from the perspective of Buddhist philosophy. Since humans have begun to create AI that resembles themselves without fully understanding the essence of intelligence,AI inevitably induces a sense of unease from its inception. Although AI has been mimicking human intelligence by learning data through artificial neural networks that imitate human neural networks,it has yet to reach the unique mental structures of humans,such as the totality of experience(触),the deep consciousness known as ālayavijñāna(阿賴耶識),and the transformation of consciousness(識) and the manifestation of wisdom,as evidenced in the scriptures. In Buddhist philosophy,experience is composed of the sum of the sense organs(根),objects(境),and consciousness(識),which constitutes an embodied recognition process that goes beyond simple computation.AI cannot replicate the tactile(触) experience as a mutually dependent experience of body,mind, and world. Furthermore, in Buddhism, human cognition is not merely a product of neural networks but occurs at a deeper level within the ālayavijñāna, encompassing the body(有根身), the environment(器世間) and karma(業). This deep consciousness is transformed through practice(轉依) and manifests as the four types of wisdom: the wisdom of the great mirror(大圓鏡智),the wisdom of equality(平等性智), the wisdom of wondrous observation(妙觀察智), and the wisdom of accomplishing what is to be accomplished(成所作智). This transformation of consciousness and the manifestation of wisdom represent dimensions of humanity that AI does not possess. As presented in the Diamond Sutra(金剛經),from a Buddhist perspective, being human is grounded in dimensions such as the aspiration to insight into reality beyond representation,reverence for the interdependent world,ethical decisions and commitment,relationality,and responsibility.In conclusion, even with advancements in AI technology,the deep consciousness,wisdom, and ethical responsibility unique to humans cannot be replaced.For AI to become a beneficial tool for humanity,ethical control and responsible usage based on this philosophical understanding of humanity are essential.