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행동억제체계 및 행동활성화체계가 불안과 공격성에 미치는 영향: 정서조절곤란의 매개효과

The Effects of BIS and BAS on Anxiety and Aggression: Emotion Dysregulation as the Mediator

장혜인|신수진
한국건강심리학회 (Korean Health Psychological Association)|2021.03|한국심리학회지: 건강 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology)|제26권 제2호|pp. 391-414|DOI 10.17315/kjhp.2021.26.2.009

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참고문헌

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anxiety정서조절곤란behavioral activation system행동억제체계행동활성화체계behavioral inhibition system불안emotional dysregulation공격성aggression
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 행동억제체계(Behavioral Inhibition System: BIS) 및 행동활성화체계(Behavioral Activation System: BAS)가 불안과 공격성에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 정서조절곤란의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 BAS의 세 가지 하위요인 중 추동과 재미추구가 공격성과 밀접한 관계를 맺을 것으로 예상하여, 추동과 재미추구만으로 BAS 점수를 구성하였다. 또한 이때 BIS와 BAS가 심리적 기능에 영향을 미칠 때 서로의 영향을 약화시키는 상호작용효과가 나타날 수 있다는 결합하위체계 가설의 제안에 따라 BIS 및 BAS의 주효과와 상호작용효과를 모두 분석하였다. 이를 위해 성인 300명(남성 195명, 여성 105명)을 대상으로 BIS 및 BAS, 정서조절곤란, 불안, 공격성 수준을 자기보고식 질문지를 통해 측정하였다. 경로모형 분석 결과 BIS가 불안을 정적으로 예측하였으며, 정서조절곤란이 이 관계를 부분적으로 매개하였다. 반면에 BAS가 불안에 미치는 총효과는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 BIS와 BAS의 상호작용효과가 불안에 미치는 영향이 유의하였는데, 구체적으로 BIS와 불안 간의 정적인 관련성을 BAS가 약화하는 것으로 나타났다. 공격성의 경우, BAS가 공격성을 정적으로 예측하였으며, 정서조절곤란이 이 관계를 부분적으로 매개하였다. 반면에 BIS가 정서조절곤란을 통해서 공격성에 주는 간접효과가 정적으로 유의하였지만, 직접효과와 총효과는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 BIS와 BAS의 상호작용효과가 공격성에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않아, BAS와 공격성 간의 정적인 관련성을 BIS가 약화하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과는 불안과 공격성을 설명함에 있어 BIS와 BAS를 통합적으로 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사하며, 정서조절곤란의 초진단적 요인으로서의 중요성을 강조한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of emotional dysregulation on the relationship between behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS), and anxiety and aggression. BAS basically consisted of three factors. However, in our study, the BAS score was composed of two factors, drive and fun-seeking, which are expected to increase the risk of aggression. According to the joint subsystem hypothesis, BIS and BAS can mitigate each other’s effects on psychological functions. Thus, we analyzed both the main effects and interaction effects of BIS and BAS. Participants were 300 adults (195 males and 105 females) who responded to the self-reporting questionnaires assessing BIS/BAS, difficulties in emotion regulation, state-trait anxiety, and aggression. The result of path analysis of anxiety indicated that the BIS positively predicted anxiety, and emotional dysregulation partially mediated their relationship. In contrast, the total effects of BAS on anxiety were non-significant. The interaction effects of BIS and BAS were significant, which meant that the BAS mitigated the relationship between BIS and anxiety. The result of path analysis of aggression indicated that the BAS positively predicted aggression, and emotional dysregulation partially mediated their relationship. In contrast, the indirect effects of the BAS on aggression through emotional dysregulation were positively significant, but the direct effects and total effects were non-significant. The interaction effects of BIS and BAS were also not significant which meant that the BIS did not mitigate the relationship between BAS and aggression. These findings suggest that we should consider both BIS and BAS in order to explain anxiety and aggression and importance of emotional dysregulation as a transdiagnostic factor.

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