자애명상이 자기자비, 마음챙김, 자아존중감, 정서 및 스트레스에 미치는 효과
Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Self-Compassion, Mindfulness, Self-Esteem, Positive and Negative Affect, and Perceived Stress
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초록
본 연구는 긍정심리를 증진시키기 위한 중재법의 하나인 자애명상이 성인 여성들에게 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 수도권에서 비영리 공익활동에 종사하는 여성들을 모집하여 실험집단 참여자들에게 자애명상을 실시하였으며, 최종 분석에 포함된 참여자는 실험집단 15명, 통제집단 14명이다. 본 연구의 조사도구로는 자기자비, 인지적･정서적 마음챙김, 자아존중감, 정적･부적 정서, 지각된 스트레스 척도를 사용하였고 프로그램 실시 전과 4주후, 8주후, 3차례에 걸쳐 측정하였다. 연구결과 자애명상집단은 8주 후에 통제집단에 비해 자기자비에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 주 3회 이상을 수련한 명상집단은 8주 후에 통제집단에 비해 자기자비 및 인지적･정서적 마음챙김이 유의하게 증가하였고, 부적 정서 및 지각된 스트레스는 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면 주3회 미만을 수련한 명상집단은 모든 변인에서 긍정적인 변화가 있었으나 그 변화는 통제집단에 비해 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 자애명상이 자기자비를 증진시키는 데 매우 효과적임을 시사한다. 또한 자애명상을 통해 마음챙김이 증진되며, 주3회 이상 명상을 지속할 때 자애명상의 다양한 효과가 있음을 보여준 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of loving-kindness meditation as an intervention for cultivating various positive affects for adult women. This study recruited urban women performing nonprofit activities and had them practice loving-kindness meditation for 8 weeks. The participants in this study were 29 women(15 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group). Measures were self-compassion, cognitive and affective mindfulness, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and perceived stress, which were measured three times: before the study, at week 4, and at week 8. The major findings are as follows: self-compassion significantly increased for the experimental group after 8 weeks in comparison with the control group. Participants of the experimental group who had been practicing meditation over 3 times per week showed significantly increased self-compassion and mindfulness, and significantly decreased negative affect and perceived stress after 8 weeks. On the other hand, participants of the experimental group who had been practicing meditation under 3 times per week tended to show positive changes in many dependent variables, but they were not statistically significant. This study appears to verify the effects of loving-kindness meditation for increasing self-compassion. It was meaningful to show that loving-kindness meditation seems to increase mindfulness and other positive effects when practiced more than 3 times per week.
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