코로나19 스트레스가 우울, 불안, PTSD 증상에 미치는 영향: 낙관성과 감사성향의 조절효과를 중심으로
The Effect of COVID-19 Stress on Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptoms: The Moderating Effect of Optimism and Gratitude Disposition
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초록
본 연구는 코로나19로 인해 발생하는 스트레스가 우울, 불안, 외상후 스트레스 장애(이하 PTSD) 증상에 미치는 영향과 그 관계에서 낙관성과 감사성향의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 만 19세 이상부터 만 73세까지의 연구 참가자 411명(남자 180명, 여자 231명)을 대상으로 코로나19 스트레스 척도와 낙관성 척도, 감사성향 척도, 우울 척도, 상태불안 척도, PTSD 증상(사건충격)척도를 사용하여 온라인 자기보고식 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0와 PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.3을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코로나19 스트레스는 심리적 고통에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코로나19 스트레스와 심리적 고통 간의 관계에서 낙관성의 조절효과는 일부 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코로나19 스트레스와 심리적 고통 간의 관계에서 감사성향의 조절효과는 일부 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 불안에 대해서는 낙관성과 감사성향의 조절효과가 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 코로나19가 발생한 지 약 1년이 지난 시점에서 코로나19 스트레스와 심리적 고통에 영향을 미치는 낙관성과 감사성향의 효과를 살펴봄으로써 코로나19로 인해 고통받는 사람들을 대상으로 하는 개입 프로그램의 개발 및 적용을 위한 이론적 근거를 제공한다.
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effects of COVID-19 stress on psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms), and whether optimism and gratitude disposition have a moderating effect on these relationships. Online self-report questionnaires that consisted of the scales for COVID stress, optimism (LOT-R), gratitude disposition, depression (K-CESD-R), anxiety (STAI-Y), and PTSD symptoms (IES-R-K) were completed, and data of 411 participants (180 males and 231 females) were analysed by SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.3. Results of this study were as follows: First, COVID-19 stress was positively associated with psychological distress. Second, the moderating effect of optimism was partially significant in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and psychological distress. Third, the moderating effect on gratitude disposition was partially significant in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and psychological distress. Fourth, the moderating effect of optimism and gratitude disposition on anxiety was not significant. This study was conducted approximately one year after the COVID-19 outbreak, and these findings provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of an effective intervention program for the general population that suffered from COVID-19 by verifying the moderating effect of optimism and gratitude disposition on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and psychological distress.
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