자크 에륄의 테크닉과 그의 커뮤니케이션 관
Jacques Ellul's Technique and His View of Communication
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많은 학자들이 에륄의 테크닉의 의미에 대해 논의를 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대부분의 논의가 왜 사람들이 테크닉 의식을 갖게 되었는가에 대한 원인을 제대로 밝히고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 에륄의 저작을 통해 인간이 주체적으로 테크닉 의식을 갖게 되었음을 지적하였다. 또한 에륄은 테크닉 의식과 시각을 강조하는 현재의 커뮤니케이션 양식에 대한 관계와 문제점에 대해 논의하였다. 그는 현대 사람들이 시각 언어에 의존하면서, 청각 언어의 특성인 변증법적 사고를 할 수 없게 되었음을 강조하였다. 본 논문은 에륄의 시각과 테크닉 의식의 관계에 대한 분석을 통해 초현실(hyper-reality)의 등장을 예견하였음을 발견하였다
Abstract
There have been many discussions on the meaning of technique by Jacques Ellul. Most discussions argue that Ellul tends to highlight the significance of technology in both individual behaviors and social structure. In other words, Ellul has been thought to be technology determinist, downgrading the subjectivity of human beings. However, after taking a look at the workings by Ellul, this paper finds out that the human beings cannot but having a consciousness of technique because they believe that they can do everything they want through technologies. The history of human beings is described as their will to control their environments. The will to control has resulted in the development of technologies. People have to look at their surroundings with the logic of technology. Consequently, they have a mode of thinking, technique. A mode of thinking, technique, has greatly influenced the pattern of communication. Before the era of technology phenomena, most people communicated with the oral word. Ellul believes that oral word is the symptom of the God. By employing the oral word, people could get the voice of the God, the truth. However, technology phenomena has made people communicate with visual word rather than oral word. Visual word tends to equate the truth with the reality. Therefore, they come to misunderstand that the reality which is visible is the truth. In order to overcome the human beings' focus on reality, Ellul suggests that we have to realize the significance of oral word. Oral word inherently enables human beings to think dialectically. Ellul thinks that dialectic thought is necessary and sufficient mode of thinking to reach the truth. Surrounded by the visual word, people do not have the ability to think dialectically. this paper finds out many similarities with other scholars who diagnose the problems of modern societies in terms of space-oriented, visual-oriented thinking. Furthermore, Ellu predicts the arrival of hyper-reality through the discussions of the relationship between technique and visual word.
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