대학생 걷기 및 기립 증진을 위한 앱 기반 프로그램의 금전적 보상 및 푸시알림 효과성 연구
Effectiveness of Financial Rewards and Push Notifications on App-based Program for Promoting Walking and Standing among College Students
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초록
신체활동 mHealth 앱은 걷기 및 기립 행동을 효과적으로 증진하기 위해 다양한 행동 증진 기술을 사용한다. 그중 금전적 보상과 푸시알림은 상용화된 앱에서 가장 자주 사용되는 기술이며, 일반적으로 조합의 형태로 사용된다. 하지만 이들의 조합 효과성에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하며, 개별 기술의 효과성 연구 결과도 혼재되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보상과 푸시알림이 걷기와 기립 행동 증진에 효과적인지 파악하기 위해 상호작용과 각각의 효과성을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 114명을 보상 및 푸시알림 유무에 따라 4개의 집단에 무선 할당하였다. 7일 간의 기저선 기간 동안 걷기와 기립 행동을 측정한 후, 집단별로 21일 간의 개입을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 보상을 제공한 집단은 제공하지 않은 집단에 비해 걷기와 기립 행동에서 유의미한 증가를 보였다. 한편 푸시알림을 제공한 경우에는 유의미한 신체활동 증가가 나타나지 않았으며, 보상과 푸시알림의 상호작용 효과도 확인되지 않았다. 또한, 개입 만족도 및 유용성 측면에서, 보상 지급 집단의 개입 유용성, 목표 만족도, 목표 유용성 점수가 보상 미지급 집단보다 높았으나, 푸시알림 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의와 한계에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Physical activity mHealth apps use a variety of behavioral promotion techniques to increase walking and standing behaviors. Financial rewards and push notifications are the most frequently used techniques in commercialized apps. And they are usually used in combination. However, there are few studies on their combination, and mixed results on the effectiveness of individual techniques. In this study, we examined their interaction and individual effectiveness to determine whether rewards and push notifications are effective in promoting walking and standing behaviors. To do so, 114 college students were randomly assigned to four groups with and without rewards and push notifications. Walking and standing behaviors were measured during a 7-day baseline period, followed by a 21-day intervention in each group. The results showed that the reward group showed significant increase in walking and standing behavior compared to the non-reward group. In terms of intervention satisfaction and usefulness, the rewarded group had higher intervention usefulness, goal satisfaction, and goal usefulness scores than the unrewarded group, but there was no difference in the presence of push notifications. Based on these results, the significance and limitations of the study are discussed.
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