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미래지향목표가 대학생의 자기존중감에 미치는 단기 종단적 영향: 자율성 수준의 조절효과를 중심으로

Short-Term Longitudinal Effect of Future-Oriented Goals and Autonomy on Self-Esteem of College Students

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본 연구에서는 대학생들이 학기 초에 갖는 미래지향목표가 4개월 후인 학기 말에 이들이 보고하는 자기존중감 수준에 미치는 단기 종단적 영향 및 이러한 과정에서 자율성이 갖는 역할을 살펴보았다. 특히 미래지향목표의 유형, 즉 내재적 및 외재적 유형이 자기존중감에 미치는 영향을 대학생의 발달 과업과 관련된 자율성 수준이 조절할 것으로 예상하고 이를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 세 개의 대학교에서 모집된 대학생 162명을 대상으로 미래지향목표, 자율성, 자기존중감을 측정하는 자기보고식 설문을 학기 초와 말에 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 학기 초의 내재적 미래지향목표는 이후의 자기존중감을 유의하게 예측하였으나, 외재적 미래지향목표는 예측하지 못하였다. 또한 내재적 미래지향목표가 이후 시점의 자기존중감에 미치는 영향은 자율성 수준에 따라 변화하였다. 구체적으로 자율성 수준이 낮을 때에만 내재적 미래지향목표가 자기존중감을 정적으로 예측하였다. 본 연구 결과는 성인 초기 대학생들의 자기존중감을 향상시키는 데, 이들의 미래지향목표와 자율성 수준에 대한 고려가 유용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine short-term longitudinal influence of future-oriented goals of college students at the beginning of the semester on levels of self-esteem at the end of the semester (four months later). The moderating role of autonomy was also investigated. Specifically, whether effects of intrinsic and extrinsic types of future-oriented goals on self-esteem could be moderated by the level of autonomy related to developmental tasks of college students was examined. For this purpose, a self-report questionnaire measuring future-oriented goals, autonomy, and self-esteem was administered at the beginning and end of the semester to 162 college students recruited from three universities in South Korea. Results showed that intrinsic future-oriented goals at the beginning of the semester significantly predicted subsequent self-esteem, whereas extrinsic future-oriented goals did not. Additionally, the impact of intrinsic future-oriented goals on subsequent self-esteem was moderated by the level of autonomy. Specifically, intrinsic future-oriented goals only predicted self-esteem when autonomy was low. These findings suggest that considering future-oriented goals and levels of autonomy of college students, who are in early stages of adulthood, might be useful for enhancing their self-esteem.

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