미국정신의학회의 ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ 진단기준에 따른 청소년의 인터넷게임중독률과 주요 증상에 관한 연구: 새로운 진단기준의 적용가능성 탐색을 중심으로
Study on Gaming Addiction, Prevalent Symptoms with the Nine Diagnostic Criteria of ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ suggested in DSM-5, and its Interrelationship with Psychosocial Variables
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초록
이 연구는 미국정신의학회(American Psychiatric Association)가 제안한 9개 인터넷게임중독 진단기준(하부요인)을 적용해 국내 고등학생의 인터넷게임중독 현황과 주요 증상을 탐색하였다. 아울러 인터넷게임중독이 대인관계 능력, 공격성, 생활만족도와 어떠한 관계를 가지는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 6개 시․도 거주 571명의 고등학생 게임이용자를 대상으로 실시된 설문조사의 내용을 분석한 결과, 이들 고등학생의 인터넷게임중독률은 9.1%(고위험군 4.55%, 잠재적 위험군 4.55%)이었다. 남학생의 인터넷게임중독율은 12.0%로 여학생의 중독률 3.6%보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 인터넷게임중독의 주요 증상은 ‘조절실패’, ‘지속적인 과도한 이용’, ‘부정적 기분의 모면’, ‘기만(은폐)’이었다. 이 4가지 주요 진단기준만을 적용할 경우, 고등학생의 인터넷게임중독률은 2.6%로 낮아졌다. 이는 ‘정신질환 진단 및 통계편람’ 5판(DSM-5)에서 제시된 인터넷게임중독의 분류방식, 즉 다중체계방식(polythetic classification system)에 대한 추가적 논의의 필요성을 제기한다. 인터넷게임중독은 게임이용량(r=.32), 공격성(r=.21)과 정적 상관관계, 생활만족도와는 낮은 부적 상관관계(r=-.11)를 보였다. 예상과는 달리 인터넷게임중독은 대인관계 능력의 감소와는 관련되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 기반으로 향후 인터넷게임중독 조사와 연구를 위한 논의를 진행하였다.
Abstract
This study explored prevalence rates of Internet games among Korean high school students, and the major symptoms with the nine diagnostic criteria of ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ proposed by the American Psychiatric Association. This present study also explored interrelationships between Internet gaming addiction and psychosocial variables. The sample for this study was composed of 571 high school student gamers. The results showed that prevalence rates were 9.1% (males: 12.0%, females: 3.6%). The prevalent symptoms were ‘unsuccessful attempts’(relapse), ‘continued excessive use’, ‘mood modification’, and ‘deception’(lie). ‘Loss of interest’ was the lowest prevalent symptom. When these four core diagnostic criteria were applied, prevalence rates were dropped to 2.6%. This study also found that Internet gaming addiction is a gendered-phenomenon. Nearly 90% of Internet gaming addiction were males. Internet gaming addiction shows that positive correlation with game usage (r=.32) and aggression (r=.21), and negative correlation(r=-.11) with life satisfaction. Unexpectedly, Internet gaming addiction had no interrelationships with social competences such as ‘cognitive empathy’ and ‘interpersonal conflict management’.
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