유엔해양법협약상 섬의 법적 지위에 관한 연혁적 고찰
Historical Study on the Legal Status of Islands under the UNCLOS
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초록
섬은 육지와 동일한 법적 효과를 가지는 지형으로서 해양관할권의 확장에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 이유로 국가들은 매우 작은 규모의 섬에 대하여도 최대한의 해양관할권을 주장하려는 노력을 기울이고 있다. 유엔해양법협약은 섬에 관하여 제121조의 조항을 두어 섬이 해역을 가질 수 있는 요건에 대하여 규정하였다. 협약의 요건이 매우 모호하여 국가들간 협약의 해석을 둘러싸고 다툼이 발생하고 있다. 제121조는 섬과 구별되는 개념으로 “암석”이라는 단어를 쓰고 있으나, 이에 대한 아무런 설명이 없다. 또한 “인간의 거주 가능성”, 그리고 “독자적 경제활동”이라는 문구를 사용하면서 이에 대한 어떠한 정보도 제시하지 않고 있다. 이 논문은 협약 제121조의 이러한 해석의 어려움을 해결하는데 일조하기 목적을 가진다. 이를 위하여 유엔해양법협약의 초안 작성 과정에 당사국들의 논의 분석을 통하여 해양관할권을 가질 수 있는 섬과 그렇지 못한 섬을 구분하는 분류 기준에 대하여 탐구한다. 또한 이 연구는 암초, 드러난 암초, 간조노출지, 암석, islet에 대한 개념 정의를 시도하고, 섬과 암석, 암석과 islet의 차이점을 설명한다.
Abstract
Islands have the same legal effect as a continent. Therefore it plays an important role in extending maritime jurisdiction. That is the reason why States Parties concentrate on an effort to have the maximum maritime areas from even very tiny islands. The UNCLOS provides requirements of islands for having territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf based on the article 121. However, a dispute has arisen as to interpreting this article between States, since the requirements of it are highly ambiguous. The word “rocks” in used to tell from islands in the article but it is hard to find any detail explanation concerning it. The words “sustain human habitation” and “economic life of their own” as requirements on the maritime jurisdiction are also used in the article, but there is any mention about it. The propose of this parer is to resolve the difficulty of this interpretation mentioned above the article 121. In pursuit of the end, this paper will help to build classification criteria to tell between islands which have maritime jurisdiction and islands which do not have jurisdiction through the analysis of discussions in the process of draft UNCLOS. This Study also attempts to present concept definition of islands, reefs, rocks, drying rocks, low tide elevation, islet, and differentiate rocks and islands, rocks and islets.
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