자율환경규제: 정부규제의 보완재인가 대체재인가?
Self-Environmental Regulation: Is it a complementary or alternative to government regulation?
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초록
기존의 환경규제방식의 한계에 대한 대안으로 등장한 자율환경관리제도는 기존에 정부가 주도하는 환경규제의 대상이었던 기업이 규제기관과 피규제집단이라는 고정적이고 양분된 틀에서 벗어나 규제의 주체로서 새로운 역할을 한다는 점에서 실무적인 차원 뿐 아니라 이론적인 측면에서도 기존 규제방식과 구분되는 차별성과 의미를 갖는다. 이 논문은 자율환경관리제도의 환경적 성과에 주목하여, 실질적인 효과 여부와 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인들, 전통적 규제방식을 대체하는 규제대안으로서의 기능, 그리고 시행과정에서의 정부 혹은 다른 이해관계자 집단들의 역할 등을 탐색하였다. 이 논문은 자율환경관리제도의 부분적 성과와 함께 다음과 같은 중요한 시사점을 제시한다. 대안적 환경거버넌스로서의 자율환경프로그램은 기업의 자율성에만 의지해서 작동해서는 기존 규제제도의 대체재로서의 소기의 성과를 달성할 수 없으며, 정부규제와 시민단체, 기타 비정부기구 등 다양한 부문 또는 행위자 집단과의 조화로운 관계 속에서 환경성과를 기대할 수 있다. 이러한 결론은 자발적 환경문제의 해결방식은 정책수단으로서 기존 규제방식과의 조화로운 관계 속에서 다양한 행위주체들과의 협력을 통해 의미 있는 결과를 낳을 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.
Abstract
The autonomous environmental management system, which has emerged as an alternative to the limitations of the existing environmental regulation system, has a distinctive meaning that is distinguished from the existing regulation system in terms of practical and theoretical aspects, in that companies that were the subject of the environmental regulation led by the government have a new role as the subject of regulation, away from the fixed and divided framework of regulatory agencies and regulated groups. This paper focuses on the environmental performance of the autonomous environmental management system, and explores the factors that affect the actual effect and effect, the function as a regulatory alternative to traditional regulatory methods, and the role of the government or other stakeholders in the implementation process. This paper suggests the following important implications along with the partial performance of the autonomous environmental management system. The autonomous environmental program as an alternative environmental governance can not achieve desired results as a substitute for the existing regulatory system if it works only by the autonomy of the company, and it can expect environmental performance in a harmonious relationship with various sectors such as government regulations, civic groups, and other non-governmental organizations or groups of actors.This conclusion means that the solution of voluntary environmental problems can produce meaningful results through cooperation with various actors in a harmonious relationship with existing regulatory methods as a policy tool.
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