성장기 학대 경험과 삶의 만족의 관계
A Study on the Relationship of Childhood Abuse Experience and Life Satisfaction
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초록
본 연구는 18세 이전의 학대 경험이 성년기 삶과 어떻게 이어지고 있는지를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 자존감과 우울을 매개로 하여 성장기 학대 경험이 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 학대 유형별, 성별, 연령대별 비교해 보았다. 한국종합사회조사(2012)의 18세 이상 953명을 대상으로 한 분석결과, ① 우리나라 성인의 56%가 18세 이전에 신체적, 정서적, 성적 학대를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 신체적 학대는 남성이 여성보다 높았고, 정서적 학대는 성별 큰 차이가 없었으며, 성적 학대는 여성이 남성보다 높았다. ② 성장기 학대는 성년기의 정신건강(자존감, 우울)과 삶의 만족에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 성장기 학대와 삶의 만족의 관계는 직접적이지 않고 자존감과 우울을 통해 간접적으로 연계되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. ③ 학대 유형별 삶의 만족에 미치는 부정적 영향은 정서적, 성적, 신체적 학대 순으로 나타났다. ④ 성별 학대 경험이 삶의 만족에 미치는 부정적 영향은 여성이 남성보다 더 크게 나타났다. ⑤ 연령대별 학대 경험이 삶의 만족에 미치는 부정적 영향은 시간의 흐름에 따라 차이를 보였다. 학대 경험 초기(18-27세)에는 학대 자체만이 삶의 만족에 부정적 영향을 미치나, 그 후 연령대(28-59세)에서는 이러한 학대가 자존감 감소나 우울 증가와 연계되어 복합적으로 삶의 만족을 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 성장기 학대가 시간이 지날수록 자존감 저하와 우울을 가중시켜 삶의 만족에 더욱 부정적 효과를 갖는다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 성장기 아동의 학대방지 노력과 학대 피해자 삶의 질 증진을 위한 자존감 제고방안에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the negative effects of abuse experience before 18 years on the adult well-being. For this purpose, this study analyzed the differences of abuse type, sex, and age group in the effect of childhood abuse experience on life satisfaction through self-esteem and depression. Based on the Korea Social Survey(2012) of 953 peoples in Korea, the results showed that ① 56% of Korean adults experienced physical, emotional and sexual abuse before 18 years of age. Physical abuse was higher in males than females. Emotional abuse was not significantly different by sex, and sexual abuse was higher in females than males. ② childhood abuse experience negatively affected mental health (self-esteem, depression) and life satisfaction in adulthood. The relationship between childhood abuse experience and satisfaction of life is indirectly connected through self-esteem and depression. ③ The negative effects on the life satisfaction by type of abuse appeared in the order of emotional, sexual, and physical abuse. ④ The negative effect of experience of abuse by gender group on the life satisfaction appeared to be greater for women than for men. ⑤ The negative effect of the abuse experience by age group on the life satisfaction was negatively influenced only by the abuse itself at the beginning of the abuse experience (18-27 years). However, in later ages (ages 28-59), these abuse experiences resulted in various negative consequences such as reduced self-esteem and increased depression and ultimately devastating the whole of life, Based on these results, this study discussed the prevention of child abuse during the growing period and how to increase self-esteem to improve the life satisfaction of victims of abuse.
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