아동기 학대 경험이 노인의 정신건강에 미치는 영향: 노년기 정서적 학대의 매개효과를 중심으로
Effect of Child Abuse Experience on the Elderly Mental Health: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Emotional Abuse in Later Life
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초록
우울은 노년기 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이다. 노년기의 학대 경험과 아동기 학대 경험은 각각 노인의 우울 수준을 높이는 영향요인이다. 또한, 아동기 학대를 경험한 노인이 재학대의 피해를 보는 경우, 우울증 발생 위험은 더욱 커진다. 이러한 이유로 노인의 정신건강, 그 가운데 우울증에 대한 영향요인을 파악할 때, 노년기 학대뿐만 아니라 아동기의 학대 경험 여부에도 관심을 기울일 필요가 있는 것이다. 본 연구는 아동기 학대 경험이 노년기 학대 재피해 위험을 높이고, 노년기 학대 경험은 다시 노인의 우울증에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 간접효과를 계산하여 노년기 학대가 아동기 학대와 노년기 우울증을 매개함을 증명하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 아동기 학대 경험과 노년기 정서적 학대 경험은 각각 노년기 우울 수준을 높일 뿐 아니라, 아동기 학대 경험이 노년기 학대 재피해의 위험을 높임이 증명되었다. 또한 아동기 학대 경험과 노년기 학대 경험의 간접효과가 유의미하게 나타남으로써 노년기 학대 경험의 아동기 학대와 노년기 우울 수준 사이의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 연구 결과를 토대로 노인학대와 아동학대를 모두 경험한 노인들의 자조모임이나 생애사 기술과 같은 긍정적 경험을 통해 우울 수준을 낮추는 개입을 제안하였다. 또한, 노인학대 피해자로 보고된 노인에 대한 지원 계획을 수립할 때 아동기 학대와 같은 과거의 부정적 경험 여부를 조사하여 반영함으로써 우울증에 더 취약한 노인을 파악하여 개입하는 노력이 필요함을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Depression is an important influencing factor on elderly mental health. Elder abuse and child abuse are risk factors that increase the depression level of the elderly. When an elderly who experienced child abuse is revictimized by experiencing elder abuse, the risk of depression increases even more. Therefore, not only elder abuse but also child abuse draws attention when factors influencing the mental health of the elderly, especially on depression, are identified. This study tries to prove the mediating role of elder abuse between child abuse and depression in old age by showing that child abuse increases elder abuse revictimization and elder abuse has negative influence on elderly depression, and by calculating th indirect effect size of child abuse and elder abuse. The study result shows that child abuse and emotional abuse in old age increase the level of depression respectively and child abuse increase the revictimization risk of the elderly. As the indirect effect of child abuse and elder abuse is statistically significant, the mediating role of elder abuse experience is proved. As possible inventions to decrease depression level, self-help group meeting of the elderly who have experienced both child abuse and elder abuse and life-history telling are suggested to provide positive experiences.
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