운동의 선호유형에 따른 심리, 생리적 반응
The Effects of Preference Mode of Exercise on Participants' Psychological and Physiological Responses
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 운동참가자들이 운동을 통해 경험하게 되는 정서적 경험과 생리적인 반응 사이의 관계를 밝히고자 하는데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 선호/비선호 운동유형에 따라 경험하게 되는 심리·생리적 반응을 관찰하고 분석하였다. 실험에 참가한 대상자는 대학생으로서, 25명(남=19, 여=6)이 실험에 참가하였다. 이들은 평소에 일정시간 이상 신체활동을 유지하는 사람들이며, 신체적, 정신적으로 건강한 사람이었다. 수집된 자료에 대한 분석방법은 집단×시간에 따른 차이를 알아보기 위하여 반복측정분산분석(repeated measured ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 측정 시점간의 차이 비교를 위해 paired-t test를 실시하였다. 이와 같은 연구과정을 거쳐 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 운동 중 또는 운동 후 체험하는 정서경험에서 선호 운동유형 집단은 비선호 운동유형 집단에 비해 긍정적 정서경험이 높고, 부정적 정서 경험은 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 선호 운동유형 집단이 비선호 운동유형 집단보다 긍정적 웰빙(positive well-being; PWB)의 수준은 높게 나타나고 있으며, 심리적 스트레스(psychological distress; PD) 수준은 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 동일한 운동 강도에서 선호된 운동유형 집단이 비선호 운동유형 집단보다 지각된 피로 수준과 운동 강도 지각이 더 낮았다. 선호 운동유형 집단이 비선호 운동유형 집단보다 신체적 스트레스(fatigue; FAT) 수준이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 선호 운동유형 집단은 HR(heart rate) 수준이 높음에도 주관적 운동 강도인 RPE (rating of perceived exertion)수준은 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과에 대한 시사점에 대해 논의 하였다. 또한 운동강도 측정을 위한 객관적인 지표의 사용(예, VO2max의 사용), 성별에 따른 차이 점검, 생태학적 타탕도를 높이기 위한 연구방법과 연구 방향 등을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between affect and physiological response to physical exercise experiencing when participants are taking exercise. Psychological/ physiological responses experienced by exercise mode were observed and analyzed. Twenty-five university undergraduates, 19 men and 6 women, served as participants in study. All participants were those who exercise more than certain hours a day and they were healthy both physically and mentally. The data were analyzed through SPSS 12.0 using repeated measured ANOVA to investigate the differences with group and time. At the same time, paired t-test were carried out. The results were as follows. First of all, in emotional experience during exercise or after exercise, high preference group had more experience of positive affect and less experience of negative affect than low preference group. It was appeared that high preference group had higher level of PWB (positive well-being) but had lower level of PD (psychological distress) than low preference group. The second, in the same exercise intensity, high preference group had lower level of perceived fatigue (physical distress or fatigue; FAT) and RPE (perceived exercise intensity) than low preference group. It was appeared that high preference exercise group had not only lower level of FAT but also much lower level of RPE in spite of having higher level of HR than low preference group. In conclusion, implications of these results and some recommendations including use of objective indicator for measuring exercise intensity (e.g.; using VO2max), differences between the sexes, research methods and future directions for making ecological validity higher were discussed.
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