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연속운동, 분할운동 및 저항성 운동이 운동 후의 혈압, 혈관탄성 및 혈액변인에 미치는 영향

Effects of Continuous Exercise, Accumulation of Short Duration Exercise, and Resistance Exercise on Blood Pressure, Vascular Elasticity, and Blood Variables after each Exercise

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초록

본 연구에서는 연속운동, 분할운동 및 저항성 운동이 각 운동 후의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향을 비교․분석하는 것이었다. 아울러 세 가지 운동 후에 나타나는 endothelin-1, 산화질소(nitric oxide: NO), 그리고 C-reactive protein(CRP)의 혈중 농도의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 혈압 및 혈관탄성의 변화 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 20대 비흡연자 남성 15명이었고, 이들의 혈압은 경계성 고혈압 또는 고혈압 Ⅰ단계에 해당하였다. 모든 연구대상자는 네 가지 처치(통제 처치, 연속운동 처치, 분할운동 처치, 그리고 저항성 운동 처치)의 실험에 반복적으로 참여하였다. 각 처치 시 채혈 시점, 운동 종료시간, 그리고 회복기를 동일하게 하였다. 혈압과 혈관탄성은 안정 시, 그리고 운동 처치 후 3시간 동안 30분 간격으로 측정하였으며, 혈액은 안정 시, 운동 처치 직후, 그리고 처치 후 2시간 후 시점에서 채혈하였다. 네 가지 처치 후 혈압과 혈관탄성을 비교하였으며, 혈액변인인 endothelin-1, NO, 그리고 CRP의 농도를 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하여 기술하면 다음과 같다. 연속운동을 실시한 후 다른 형태의 운동에 비하여 전반적으로 혈압이 낮고 혈관탄성이 높았으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 못하였다. 혈압에서는 처치와 시기의 상호작용이 유의하게 나타나지 않았으나, 수축기 혈압과 맥압에서 처치 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 수축기 혈압, 이완기 혈압, 그리고 맥압에서 시기의 주효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 혈관탄성의 경우 네 가지 처치 후 상지 좌․우와 하지 좌․우에서 처치와 시기의 상호작용이 유의하게 나타났고, 상지 좌․우에서 처치 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 상지 좌․우와 하지 좌․우에서 시기에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 혈액변인의 경우 네 가지 처치 후 endothelin-1, NO, 그리고 CRP에서 시기의 주효과가 모두 유의하게 나타났으나, 처치의 주효과 및 처치와 시기의 상호작용은 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 혈압, 혈관탄성 및 혈액변인에 대한 각 운동 처치의 효과는 유사한 것으로 결론지을 수 있다. 그리고 통제 처치와 세 가지 운동 처치(연속운동, 분할운동, 저항성 운동) 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 보아 본 연구에서 적용한 세 가지 운동 형태는 모두 1회의 운동을 통해서도 혈압 및 혈관탄성에 긍정적인 변화를 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이와 같은 형태의 운동을 통하여 장기간 트레이닝을 실시할 경우 혈압 및 혈관탄성의 개선에 보다 큰 긍정적인 효과가 나타날 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로, endothelin-1, NO, 그리고 CRP는 다양한 유형의 운동 후의 혈압의 변화와 유사한 변화를 보이지 않아, 일회성 운동 후의 저혈압에 대한 운동 유형 간의 차이를 설명하는 기전으로서 타당하지 않은 것으로 결론지을 수 있다.

Abstract

The study was designed to investigate the effects of continuous exercise, accumulation of short duration exercise, and resistance exercise on blood pressure and vascular elasticity after each exercise. In addition, the study was attempted to examine the mechanisms for changes of blood pressure and vascular elasticity by examining endothelin-1(ET-1), nitric oxide(NO), and C-reactive protein(CRP). Fifteen males, aged 20~29, volunteered to participate in this study as subjects. They were nonsmokers and their blood pressures were placed in pre-hypertension or stage I hypertension. Each subject participated in control trial, continuous exercise(walking for 40min at 50% VO2peak) trial, accumulation of short duration exercise (walking for 10 min four times at 50% VO2peak) trial, and resistance exercise(10 repetitions at 50% 1RM, 2 sets, 10 exercises) trial repeatedly. Blood pressure and vascular elasticity were measured every 30minutes for 3 hours of recovery after each trial as well as at rest. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after each trial and at two hours of recovery phase. Blood pressure, vascular elasticity, ET-1, NO, and CRP were compared among time points within each trial as well as among the four trials. The results of the present study were as follows: Blood pressure was lower and vascular elasticity was higher after continuous exercise than other exercises; however, the differences failed to reach statistical significance level. No significant interaction between trial and time was found in blood pressure, whereas main effect of trial was significant in SBP and PP and main effect of time was significant in SBP, DBP, and PP. Significant interaction between trial and time was found in vascular elasticity of all extremities, main effect of trial was significant in vascular elasticity of upper extremities, and main effect of time was significant in vascular elasticity of all extremities. Main effect of time was significant in ET-1, NO, and CRP, whereas no significant main effect of trial and interaction between trial and time were found in ET-1, NO, and CRP. It was concluded that the effects of three modes of exercises, i.e., continuous exercise, accumulation of short duration exercise, and resistance exercise, on blood pressure, vascular elasticity, and blood variables were similar and more positive than control trial, indicating that all types of exercises adopted in the study would be effective in reducing the blood pressure and enhancing the vascular elasticity even after a bout of exercise. The research examining the effects of training of these modes of exercise on blood pressure and vascular elasticity would be warranted in the future.

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