공기권총 사격 숙련성과 수행시간 제한조건에 따른 시각탐색 전략의 변화
The Change of Visual Search Strategies on Performance Time Constrain and Air Pistol Shooting Expertise
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초록
본 연구는 10m 공기 권총 사격 과제에서 숙련성과 수행시간 제한조건에 따른 시각탐색 전략의 변화를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 시각탐색의 효율적인 분석을 위해 수행동작을 1)조준선 정열 구간, 2)정조준 구간으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 과제수행 구간별 시각탐색 전략의 분석을 위해 VIA 시스템과 안구 움직임 추적 장치를 사용하였으며 산출된 자료는 숙련성과 수행시간 제한조건별로 이원분산분석(twe-way repeated ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 이상의 연구방법 및 결과를 기초로 하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시선고정시간비율은 정조준 구간에서 숙련자가 비숙련자에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 수행시간 제한에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시선고정빈도는 정조준 구간에서 비숙련자가 숙련자에 비해 더 많은 시선고정빈도를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 0%의 제한조건에서 가장 많은 고정빈도를 보였으며, 시간제한에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 시각 탐색률은 조준선 정열 구간과 정조준 구간에서 숙련자가 비숙련자에 비해 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시각탐색 패턴은 조준선 정열 구간에서 숙련자는 목표물에 대한 시선고정이 가장 많이 이루어졌으나, 비숙련자의 경우 추적 움직임이 가장 많이 나타났으며, 수행시간 제한에 따라 숙련자는 비숙련자에 비해 더 효율적인 시각탐색 패턴을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, QE 지속시간은 숙련자가 비숙련자에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 수행시간 제한에 따라 두 집단모두 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the change of visual search strategies according to expertise and performance time constrain on far aiming task. Shooting motions were analyzed and split up into 2 phases: the sight alignment phase, and the aiming phase. To analyze visual search behavior in the phases, the vision-in-action (VIA) system was used for the simultaneous record of visual search behaviors, motions, and ocular behaviors of the participants as the air pistol shooting at 10m distance was performed. The VIA system was comprised of eye movement tracking system (NAC EMR-8), two external video cameras, and a time code generator. For the research analysis, two-way repeated ANOVA was used. The major results obtained from this study were as follows. First, the ratio of fixation time of the experts was higher than that of the non-experts in the sight alignment phase and the aiming phase. Second, the visual fixation frequency of the non-experts was higher than that of the experts in the sight alignment and the aiming phase. The highest visual fixation frequency was recorded under 0% time constrain condition and the visual fixation frequency was decreased by time constrain. Third, the experts showed the longer frequent visual fixation on the target in the sight alignment phase. On the other hand, the non-experts showed more pursuit tracking eye movement on the hand and air pistol in the sight alignment phase. As time constrain increased, the experts showed more effective visual search patterns. Finally, the quiet eye duration (QED) of the experts was significantly longer, and both the groups showed decrease along with the increase of time constrain.
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