신입생 학생선수의 대학 생활과 팀 적응에 초점을 맞춘 팀 빌딩 프로그램 개발 및 적용
Development and application of a team building program focused on adaptation to college life and new team of freshmen student-athletes
0
조회
0
다운로드
16
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 대학교 신입생 학생선수의 대학 생활 및 팀 적응을 돕고 팀의 기능과 과정을 강화할 수 있는 팀 빌딩 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증함으로써, 대학교 스포츠팀의 기능을 효과적으로 촉진할 수 있는 팀 빌딩 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. [방법] 본 연구는 국내 대학교 스포츠팀 선수와 지도자 대상으로 진행되었다. 프로그램은 개방형 설문지를 통해 요구분석을 하고 그 결과와 팀 빌딩 프로그램의 주요요소를 고려하여 전문가회의를 통하여 개발되었다. 프로그램 내 활동들은 선행연구를 참고하고 현장에 맞도록 수정 보완하여 구성되었다. 이와 같은 과정으로 프로그램은 총 3단계 10회기로 구성되었다. 개발된 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 두 가지 종류의 검사지(집단응집력, 코치-선수 상호작용), 경험보고서, 그리고 프로그램 평가지가 활용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS version 24.0과 귀납적 범주분석 절차에 따라 자료의 목적에 맞게 분석되었다. [결과] 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학교 신입 선수들의 적응에 필요한 요인은 의사소통, 이타심, 긍정적 대인관계, 동기부여, 학교생활로 나타났고 방해요인은 부정적 대인관계, 위계적 문화, 환경변화, 이중역할로 나타났다. 둘째, 집단 응집력 수준에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 코치-선수 상호작용 수준에서는 사전과 사후, 사전과 추후 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 경험보고서 분석결과 프로그램은 팀 구성원 간의 갈등을 줄이고 존중과 배려의 마음을 끌어내 긍정적인 대인관계 형성에 영향을 미쳤다. [결론] 국내 대학교 스포츠팀에는 견고한 위계적 문화가 형성되어 있으므로 차후 팀 빌딩 프로그램 개발 시 위계적 문화가 긍정적인 방향으로 작용하여 기능적인 팀을 구축할 수 있도록 해야겠다. 그리고 구성원들의 이중역할(운동, 학업)에 대한 어려움을 해결하여 개개인의 안정된 심리가 팀에 투영되어 팀의 기능과 전력을 강화할 수 있도록 도와야겠다. 마지막으로 이러한 과정은 대학교 스포츠팀의 경기력 향상과 선수들의 심리적 안정에 이바지 할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was designed to develop a team building program that helps freshmen student-athletes to adapt to college life and enhance team function and process and to examine the effects of this program. It could provide basic information of a team building program that effectively accelerates team function in the college team sports domain. [Methods] The program was developed through this process. First, an open-ended questionnaire was utilized to discover the needs of the program. Second, the results of needs of the program and important factors of team-building program were taken into consideration. Third, expert meetings were conducted. Consequently, the program consisted of three stages of total 10 sessions which was 90 min long. The questionnaires(Group Cohesion Questionnaire and Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire), experience report, and program evaluation form were used as measures to identify the effects of the developed program. SPSS version 24.0 and inductive analysis were used to analyze the data. [Results] The results of this study are as follows. First, there was no statistically significant influence between developed program and the level of group cohesion. In contrast, the level of coach-athlete interaction was significantly increased. Second, the analysis of experience report revealed that this program reduced interpersonal conflict between team members and formed positive interpersonal relationship by mind of respect and consideration. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the hierarchical culture was strongly formed and team member suffered from the dual role of athlete and student in Korean college team sports. Thus, these should be resolved in order to enhance team function and process. As a results, this process could increase team performance as well as offer psychological stability to college student-athletes.
참고문헌 (57)
- Bebetsos, E., "Relations between role ambiguity and athletes' satisfaction among team handball players", The Sport Journal, 10(4) (2007)
- Bloom, G. A., "Current developments in North American sport and exercise psychology : Team building in sport", Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 6(2), pp.237~249 (2011)
- Bloom, G. A., "Case study : A team-building mental skills training program with an intercollegiate equestrian team", Athletic Insight : The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 4(1), pp.1~16 (2002)
- Buller, P. F., "The team building-task performance relation : Some conceptual and methodological refinements", Group & Organization Studies, 11(3), pp.147~168 (1986)
- Carron, A. V., "Processes of group interaction in sport teams", Quest, 33(2), pp.245~270 (1981)
- Carron, A. V., "The group size-cohesion relationship in minimal groups", Small Group Research, 26(1), pp.86~105 (1995)
- Chartrand, J. M., "Sports Counseling : Enhancing the Development of the Student‐Athlete", Journal of Counseling & Development, 66(4), pp.164~167 (1987)
- Cho, Y. H., "The Relationship between Communication Styles and Organizational Effectiveness in Business Sport Centers", Korean Journal of Physical Education, 35(2), pp.2395~2403 (1996)
- Choi, L. S., "The effectiveness of motivation program to adaptation to university life for college of administration freshmen", Korea Association of Business Education, 2013(1), pp.1~24 (2013)
- Cogan, K. D., "Sport consultation : An evaluation of a season-long intervention with female collegiate gymnasts", The Sport Psychologist, 9(3), pp.282~296 (1995)
- Dudley, B. S., "Using cooperative learning to enhance the academic and social experiences of freshman student athletes", The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(4), pp.449~459 (1997)
- Dunn, J. G., "Collegiate ice hockey players’ perceptions of the delivery of an applied sport psychology program", The Sport Psychologist, 17(3), pp.351~368 (2003)
- Dunn, J. G., "A qualitative investigation of a personal-disclosure mutual-sharing team building activity", The Sport Psychologist, 18(4), pp.363~380 (2004)
- Eys, M. A., "Role ambiguity, task cohesion, and task self-efficacy", Small Group Research, 32(3), pp.356~373 (2001)
- Giacobbi Jr, P. R., "Stress and coping during the transition to university for first-year female athletes", The Sport Psychologist, 18(1), pp.1~20 (2004)
- Glaser, B. G., "The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research" (2009), Transaction publishers
- Harris, H. L., "Helping freshman student athletes adjust to college life using psychoeducational groups", Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 28(1), pp.64~81 (2003)
- Holt, N. L., "Guidelines for delivering personal-disclosure mutual-sharing team building interventions", The Sport Psychologist, 20(3), pp.348~367 (2006)
- 홍성연, "대학 신입생 적응 지원을 위한 교육요구 분석", 교육종합연구, 14(1), pp.271~295 (2016), 교육종합연구소
- Jeon, J. I., "The effect of the helping skill training program on communication skill, interpersonal relationship, social anxiety, and perceptual orientation", Master, pp.1997
- Kim, M. S., "Development and validation of the coach athlete relationship questionnaire", Ph.D., pp.2010
- Kim, Y. S., "The development and intervention of sport team-building program through group counseling approach", Ph.D., pp.2008
- Kim, Y. S., "A Review of Conceptual Foundation on Team Building for Sport Team", Sports Science Review, 2(1), pp.1~10 (2008)
- 김영숙, "청소년 여자축구팀을 위한 스포츠 팀구축프로그램의 개발", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 21(4), pp.139~152 (2010), 한국스포츠심리학회
- Klein, C., "Does team building work?", Small Group Research, 40(2), pp.181~222 (2009)
- Kwon, S. H., "Development of a Communication Training Program amd Application for a College Ice Hockey Team", Ph.D., pp.2014
- 권상현, "대학 아이스하키 팀을 위한 의사소통 훈련 프로그램 개발 및 적용", 체육과학연구, 27(4), pp.941~956 (2016), 국민체육진흥공단 부설 한국스포츠개발원[DOI]
- Latham, G. P., "A review of research on the application of goal setting in organizations", Academy of Management Journal, 18(4), pp.824~845 (1975)
- The development of group cohesion questionnaire for sports teams(Ⅱ), "Lee, H. K.", Korea institute of sport science, ~ (1994)
- Lee, M. J., "신입생대학생활적응을 위한프로그램 개발과 효과-호서대 Can do week를 중심으로", 한국교양교육학회 학술대회 자료집, pp.67~73 (2014)
- 이신형, "일개 대학 신입생들의 대학생활적응에 대한 불안, 우울, 스트레스의 영향", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 30(10), pp.796~804 (2009), 대한가정의학회
- Martin, L. J., "Team building interventions in sport : A meta-analysis", Sport and Exercise Psychology Review, 5, pp.3~18 (2009)
- Martin, R., "The effects of group development techniques on a professional athletic team", The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(4), pp.533~535 (1995)
- McClure, B. A., "Group work as a method of promoting cohesiveness within a women's gymnastics team", Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73(1), pp.307~313 (1991)
- Meeker, D. J., "Positive Transitions for Student Athletes: Life Skills for Transitions in Sport, College & Career" (2000), Holcomb Hathaway Publishers
- Newin, J., "Youth ice hockey coaches’ perceptions of a team-building intervention program", The Sport Psychologist, 22(1), pp.54~72 (2008)
- Orlick, T., "The sport psychology consultant : Analysis of critical components as viewed by Canadian Olympic athletes", The Sport Psychologist, 1(1), pp.4~17 (1987)
- Paradis, K. F., "Team building in sport : Linking theory and research to practical application", Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 3(3), pp.159~170 (2012)
- Patterson, M. M., "The influence of team norms on the cohesion–self-reported performance relationship : a multi-level analysis", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(4), pp.479~493 (2005)
- Petitpas, A. J., "Transitions of the student-athlete : Theoretical, empirical, and practical perspectives", Counseling college student-athletes : Issues and interventions, 137, pp.156~ (1996)
- Petrie, T. A., "Academic and nonacademic predictors of female student-athletes'academic performances", Journal of College Student Development, 38(6), pp.599~ (1997)
- Philippe, R. A., "Closeness, co-orientation and complementarity in coach–athlete relationships : What male swimmers say about their male coaches", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(2), pp.159~171 (2006)
- Prapavessis, H., "Team building in sport", International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, pp.269~285 (1996)
- Rovio, E., "Team building in sport : a narrative review of the program effectiveness, current methods, and theoretical underpinnings", Athletic Insight, 2(2), pp.1~19 (2010)
- Rovio, E., "Using team building methods with an ice hockey team : An action research case study", The Sport Psychologist, 26(4), pp.584~603 (2012)
- Senécal, J., "A season-long team-building intervention : Examining the effect of team goal setting on cohesion", Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(2), pp.186~199 (2008)
- 신정택, "태권도 지도자를 위한 스트레스 대처 프로그램 개발 및 적용", 한국웰니스학회, 11(2), pp.269~280 (2016), 한국웰니스학회
- 신재용, "아이스하키 선수들의 역할지각과 팀 응집력 및 선수만족의 구조적 관계", 한국체육과학회지, 25(6), pp.361~373 (2016), 한국체육과학회
- Simons, H. D., "Academic motivation and the student athlete", Journal of College Student Development, 40(2), pp.151~161 (1999)
- Tannenbaum, S. I., "Team building and its influence on team effectiveness : An examination of conceptual and empirical developments", Advances in Psychology, 82, pp.117~153 (1992)
- Thompson, J., "The double-goal coach: Positive coaching tools for honoring the game and developing winners in sports and life" (2003), Harper Collins
- Tracey, J., "The transition experience of first-year university track and field student athletes", Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 7(2), pp.81~102 (1995)
- Voight, M., "A team building intervention program : Application and evaluation with two university soccer teams", Journal of Sport Behavior, 24(4), pp.420~431 (2001)
- Widmeyer, W. N., "The measurement of cohesion in sport teams: The group environment questionnaire" (1985), Sports Dynamics
- Wikman, J. M., "Effects of a team building intervention on social cohesion in adolescent elite football players", Swedish Journal of Sport Research, pp.1~31 (2017)
- Woodman, R. W., "Effects of team development intervention : A field experiment", The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 16(2), pp.211~227 (1980)
- Yukelson, D., "Principles of effective team building interventions in sport : A direct services approach at Penn State University", Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9(1), pp.73~96 (1997)
