운동학습 기법을 토대로 한 유소년 축구 프로그램 실행 연구
The Field application of youth soccer training program based on the motor learning techniques
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[목적] 본 연구는 운동학습의 다양한 훈련 기법을 유소년 축구 선수단에 적용하여 그 효과를 질적으로 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. [방법] R 유소년 축구 선수단의 지도자 1명과 초등부 선수 12명이 실험에 참여하였으며, 기술 수준은 초보자에서 중·상급자까지 다양하게 분포되었다. 본 연구는 유소년 축구 지도 현장의 면밀한 분석을 위해 실행연구의 방법론을 채택하였다. 기존의 축구 훈련프로그램은 동영상 촬영 및 관찰일지 등을 통하여 운동학습 전문가 4인에 의해 면밀히 분석되었으며, 도출된 주요 문제점(① 피드백 제공의 비체계성, ② 학습자의 관점 간과, ③ 시간 운영의 비효율성)은 운동학습 패러다임에 의해 수정되어 4주간의 새로운 축구 훈련프로그램으로 재구성되었다. 훈련 효과에 대한 질적 자료를 수집하기 위해 참여관찰, 지도일지, 심층 면담 등을 시행하였으며, 세부적인 내용은 다음과 같다. [결과] 첫째, 가이던스 훈련 기법을 통하여 슈팅 및 리프팅 기술의 정확한 동작에 대한 이해도가 높아졌다. 둘째, 학습자의 수준을 고려한 변형된 훈련 공간 및 경기규칙을 통하여 개인기술 활용 능력과 팀의 응집력이 개선되었다. 셋째, 학습자의 관점을 고려한 자기 주도형 피드백 학습 기법을 활용하여 선수들의 능동적인 문제 해결 능력이 향상되었다. 넷째, 수행에 대한 결과지식 피드백(KR)을 제거한 훈련 조치는 선수들의 자신감을 높이는 데 도움이 되었다. [결론] 스포츠 교육현장의 다양한 가변적 학습 요소를 고려할 때, 훈련의 특정 요소에 국한된 접근이 아닌 운동학습의 종합적인 패러다임을 접목하는 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was to investigate the effect of various motor leaning techniques which were applied on the youth soccer training program. [Methods] 12 elementary soccer players and the director of R youth soccer team have participated in the study. The expertise level of youth soccer team were ranged from beginner to advance. To investigate the effect of new soccer training program we adopted a methodology of action research. We first analyzed the problems of original youth soccer program and reconstructed the training program considering of individualized characteristics. The 3 main problems of original soccer program (1. feedback provisions 2. difficulty of task level 3. time distribution of training) have been reconstructed by four motor learning experts. For the data analysis, several qualitative analyze techniques were conducted to observe player’s improvements. [Results] First, participants had a better understanding on proper motion of shooting and lifting skills from the guidance techniques. Second, utilizing the personal skills and team cohesion have been improved by the modified rules and space competition. Third, the ability of active problem solving have been improved from the self-learning environment. Forth, the player’s confidence level have been improved by eliminating performance outcome. [Conclusions] From the aspects of variety circumstances in sport education field, the comprehensive motor learning program should be developed and applied.
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