스포츠 민족주의 재인식: 전지구화, 스포츠, 기업 민족주의
Sporting Nationalism Reconsidered: Globalization, Sport, and Corporate Nationalism
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참고문헌
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초록
스포츠 민족주의에 관한 그간의 분석은 스포츠 민족주의를 민족 내적 문제로만(즉, 국가권력, 민족국가 내 자본 및 미디어) 여겨 왔다. 본고에서는 그간 월드컵 민족주의 현상에서 보이듯이 최근 점증하는 스포츠 민족주의가 민족 외적 요인과도 (즉, 초국적 비정부 국가기구나 초국적 자본) 밀접한 관련이 있음을 지적하고자 한다. 스포츠의 전지구화 과정에 대한 이론적 논의를 통하여 스포츠 민족주의의 보다 완결된 이해는 글로벌과 지역 간의 유기적 관계를 함께 고려할 때 가능함을 피력하고 있다. 또한 스포츠 민족주의가 동원되는 방식에 나타난 변화를 검토한다. 특히 후안 아벨란제의 FIFA 회장 당선 후 본격화된 기업 민족주의적 동원 기제를 중심으로 FIFA와 코카콜라간의 공동기획으로써 세계 축구발전 프로그램의 추진 과정에 대하여 살펴본다.
Abstract
It has been viewed that the production of Korean sporting nationalism is managed by the operation of internal forces (e.g., national governance, local corporations, and the media) within the boundary of the nation-state. This paper suggests that a contextual analysis should focus on exploring the operation of external forces (e.g., international non-governmental organizations and global corporations) which implicates the rise of sporting nationalism in Korea. A theoretical justification is presented to point out that a better understanding of sporting nationalism should consider the complex global-local nexus. The paper also addresses the recent transformation in the manner in which Korean sporting nationalism and national identity are mobilized. A particular attention is drawn to the role of corporate nationalism in the transformation which first involved FIFA-Coca-Cola initiatives for the world football development program during the period of Juao Havelange's FIFA leadership.
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