심리기술훈련이 2012 런던올림픽 태권도 국가대표 선수의 경기력에 미치는 영향
Effect of Psychological Skills Training for Athletes of Taekwondo National Team in 2012 London Olympics
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이 연구는 2012 런던올림픽 태권도 국가대표 선수를 대상으로 심리기술훈련 프로그램의 체계적인 절차와 내용을 제시하고, 선수의 심리기술훈련에 따른 변화, 득점분포, 귀인과 면담 등을 통해서 그 효과를 알아보는 것에 목적이 있었다. 연구대상은 2012년 런던올림픽 태권도 국가대표 최종선발전에서 발탁된 4명의 선수로 하였다. 연구설계는 A-B설계로 하였고, 연구기간은 2012년 4월 25일부터 8월 20일까지 약 4개월에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 자료는 스포츠수행전략, 스포츠 귀인 측정도구, 면담, 득점분포를 수집하였다. 연구는 Weinberg & Gould(2003)의 심리기술훈련 가이드라인과 김병준(2003), Orlick(1986)의 심리훈련 절차를 고려하여 진행하였다. 2012년 런던올림픽 대비 태권도 국가대표 심리기술훈련은 PST 오리엔테이션, 선수특성 파악 및 정보수집, 수행전략검사, 혼잣말, 심상, 루틴, 지도자 상담에 대하여 8회기로 나누어 단계적으로 실시했다. 그리고 심리기술훈련 효과는 선수에 따라 4～8개 심리요인에서 수행전략이 향상되었고, 금 1개 은 1개의 메달을 획득했다. 메달을 획득한 선수들은 전술심상과 유사한 득점분포를 보여주었다. 뿐만 아니라 선수들은 시합결과의 성패에 대한 원인을 심리적인 것에서 찾고 있었다. 심리훈련은 올림피안들에게 심리기술을 체계적으로 개발해주는 것에 도움을 줄 수 있고, 수행결과에도 긍정적이었다. 하지만 선수의 성취경험은 훈련과정 중에 심리기술이 향상되었다고 나타나기보다 시합에서 실제적으로 유지되고 발현될 때 가능한 것처럼 보인다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a systematic psychological skills training(PTS) for national taekwondo athletes for 2012 London Olympics. Based on the PST of other sports, this systematic PST (including self-talk, imagery, and pre performance routine) has been designed for 4 subjects, who competed in the 2012 London Olympics. This study took place from April 25th, 2012 to August 20th, 2012 in preparation for the 2012 London Olympics. Two female and two male national Korean athletes participated in this study. four subjects, A-B design was used to examine the intervention effects of the PST. The instruments used in this study included the TOPS(Kim, 2003; Kim & Oh, 2002), SASKA (Kim & Yun, 2003), and interview. The pre-test mean score and post-test mean score of both the TOPS and SASKA were compared. Interviews recorded the athlete’s psychological characteristics. The results were as follows: First, the PST has been applied systematically that it took placed 8 times PST such as orientation, selecting data, measurement, self-talk, imagery, routine, coach interview. The effect of PST was appeared that each athlete was improved 4 to 8 factors on TOPS. They got one gold and one silver medal. Athletes who got medal showed similar scoring distribution like strategy imagery. Also, they attributed their result of competition from psychological factors. Thus, the PST was concluded to be beneficial to athlete performance. But the achievement of athlete was possible to maintain and reveal those psychological factors in real competition.
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