팀 스포츠에서 코치와 동료의 동기부여방식이 심리적 욕구만족과 집단효능감에 미치는 영향
The Influences of Coach and Peer Social Support on Collective Efficacy and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Team Sport
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초록
스포츠상황에서 주요타자에 의해서 조성되는 동기분위기와 자율성지지는 선수들의 동기, 참여수준, 수행과 기술 발달에 영향을 미친다. 또한 집단효능감도 팀 수행과 경기력에 중요한 역할을 하며, 주요타자에 의해서 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 동료와 지도자에 의해서 조성되는 동기부여방식이 학생선수들의 심리적 욕구만족과 집단효능감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다. 이를 위해 팀 스포츠에 속한 289명의 학생선수들을 대상으로 또래집단 동기분위기, 자율성지지, 심리적 욕구만족과 집단효능감을 조사하였다. 상관분석과 경로분석 결과, 지도자의 자율성지지와 동료에 의해서 조성된 과제중심 동기분위기는 심리적 욕구와 집단효능감에 정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 구체적으로 지도자의 자율성지지가 심리적 욕구만족에 더 큰 영향을 미친 반면에, 동료에 의해서 조성된 과제중심 동기분위기는 지도자의 자율성지지 보다 집단효능감에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과는 동료가 선수들의 동기와 집단효능감 향상에 중요한 역할을 하는 주요타자라는 사실을 보여준다. 이는 스포츠에서 집단응집력을 향상시킬 수 있는 바람직한 훈련환경을 진단하고 중재프로그램을 적용·제공하는데 기초적인 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
In sport context, the motivational climate created by significant others (e.g., coachs and peers) has been influences on the athletic-student's motivation, engagement, performance, and skill development. Collective efficacy is important for team performance because it influences a group's task choice, effort expenditure, persistence in the face of failure, and resistance to discouragement. This study was to examine the influence of peer motivational climate (i.e., task-involving and ego-involving motivational climate) and coach autonomous support for basic psychological need satisfaction and collective efficacy. In the study, participants were 289 athletic-students' of team sports. In the study then, questionnaire was assessed using by the correlation and path analysis. The results showed that task-involving motivational climate significantly predicted of collective efficacy, while ego-involving motivational climate were negatively predict to the collective efficacy. The results suggest the importance of considering peer influence in addition to coach influence when examining motivational climate in team sport.
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