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다차원적 코칭 방식이 팀워크에 미치는 영향 : 심리적 욕구의 매개효과

Effect of Multiple Coaching Styles on Teamwork in Elite Football Coaches: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Needs

황재훈|송용관
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.09|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제3호|pp. 466-476

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참고문헌

키워드

방임팀워크Teamwork통제자율성지지Autonomy supportChaos축구선수다차원적 코칭 방식심리적 욕구 만족심리적 욕구좌절구조방식Multiple coaching stylesPsychological needs satisfactionPsychological needs frustrationControlling styleStructure styleFootball players
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 이 연구의 목적은 엘리트 축구지도자의 다차원적 동기부여 코칭 방식과 팀워크의 관계를 규명하고 다차원적 동기부여 코칭 방식과 팀워크 사이에서 심리적 욕구의 매개효과를 검증하였다. [방법] 중학교, 고등학교 그리고 대학교 엘리트 축구선수 526명을 대상으로 선수들이 인식하고 있는 다차원적 동기부여 코칭 방식, 심리적 욕구와 팀워크에 관한 설문조사를 진행하였다. 횡단 접근 방식에서 수집된 자료는 통계프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 신뢰도 분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관분석, 경로분석 그리고 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 매크로프로세스를 수행하였다. [결과] 첫째, 자율성지지와 구조방식은 팀워크에 정적 상관 및 영향력을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 통제와 방임은 팀워크에 부적 상관 및 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리적 욕구 만족은 자율성지지와 팀워크, 구조방식과 팀워크 간의 관계에서 정적 부분 매개효과가 밝혀졌으며, 통제와 팀워크, 방임과 팀워크 간에 관계에서는 부적 부분 매개효과를 보였다. 반면에, 심리적 욕구좌절은 자율성지지와 팀워크, 구조방식과 팀워크 간에 관계에서 부적 부분 매개효과가 밝혀졌으며, 통제와 팀워크, 방임과 팀워크 간에 관계에서 정적 부분 매개효과가 나타났다. [결론] 축구지도자의 자율성지지와 구조방식이 선수들의 심리적 욕구를 만족시켜 팀워크에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을확인할 수 있다. 반면에 축구지도자의 통제와 방임은 심리적 욕구를 좌절시켜 팀워크에 방해가 된다는 것을 보여준다.

Abstract

PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of psychological needs in the relationship between multiple coaching styles and teamwork among college football players. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 526 elite football players. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and macroprocess were performed using statistical software to test the mediation effects of the data collected. RESULTS The findings suggested that autonomy-supportive and structure coaching styles positively correlated with and impacted psychological needs satisfaction and teamwork. Conversely, control and chaos coaching styles negatively correlated with and impacted psychological needs satisfaction and teamwork. In addition, autonomy supportive and structure coaching styles negatively correlated with and impacted psychological need frustration, while control and chaos styles positively correlated with and impacted psychological needs frustration. Furthermore, psychological needs satisfaction and frustration were found to partially mediate the relationships between autonomy support and teamwork, structure and teamwork, control styles and teamwork, and chaos styles and teamwork. CONCLUSIONS Autonomy supportive and structure coaching styles positively influenced teamwork by satisfying psychological needs. In contrast, control and chaos coaching styles negatively impacted teamwork by contributing to psychological needs frustration.

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