기록 종목 선수들의 연령대별 손상 실태 조사연구
A Survey Study on Sports Injury by Age for Athletes in Record Competition Sports
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초록
[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 기록 종목(수영, 육상, 역도)에 있어 중학교·고등학교·대학교·직업 선수들을 대상으로 연령대별 손상 실태를 파악하여 손상 부위, 상황에 따른 손상 원인, 호발 손상의 종류 등을 조사하는 것이다. [방법] 연구 대상은 2020년 대한체육회에 등록된 전문체육인 기록 종목 선수들로 총 503명으로 온라인 설문조사를실시하였고, R 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도를 분석하였다. [결과] 손상 경험이 있는 선수가 38.4%로 나타났고, 손상 발생률 시합 중 역도(대학교 0.81회), 훈련 시 역도(대학교7.02회)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 손상 부위에 따른 빈도는 모든 연령대에서 하지가 가장 높게 나타났다(중학교 53.8%, 고등학교 48.6%, 대학교 44.4%, 직업 47.4%). 손상 시 원인은 시합 중 내적 요인으로 ‘체력부족, 과사용 또는 휴식부족, 재발’, 외적 요인은 ‘시설 문제, 날씨 문제’에서 가장 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 훈련 중 내적 요인은 ‘과사용 또는 휴식 부족, 무리한 기술 시도’, 외적 요인은 ‘날씨 문제’에서 가장 높게 발생되는 것으로 조사되었다. 종목별구분에 따라 손상 부위에 따른 호발 손상 1순위는 수영 종목에서 머리의 피부-출혈이었고, 몸통, 상지, 하지에서 근육-염증로 나타났다. 육상 종목은 머리, 몸통, 상지, 하지에서 모두에서 근육-염증으로 나타났다. 역도 종목은 머리, 몸통에서 척추질환(추간판 탈출증, 척추관 협착증 등), 상지, 하지에서 근육-염증으로 나타났다. [결론] 본 연구 결과는 기록 종목의 전연령대에서 손상이 가장 높게 발생하는 하지 부위 손상 감소를 위한 수준별 체력 훈련, 강화 프로그램, 특정 기술 습득의 과학적 접근, 충분한 휴식과 회복을 위한 기준 마련, 시설 및 장비의 지속적인 개선 등 손상 예방을 위한 조치 마련과 훈련 환경의 변화 모색에 참고될 것이다.
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the current injury status and traits, including damage area, cause of damage based on the situation, and type of occurrence by age group for middle and high schools, university, and professional athletes, in record competition sports (swimming, track and field, and weightlifting). METHODS The study included 503 athletes enrolled in the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee in 2020, and an online survey was conducted using the R statistical program. RESULTS Approximately 38.4% athletes suffered injuries with weightlifting (0.81 times at university) and weightlifting (7.02 times at university) during training. The lower extremities were the most affected areas in all age groups (53.8% in middle school, 48.6% in high school, 44.4% in university, and 47.4% in professional). The causes of damage found to occur most frequently were ‘lack of physical strength, overuse or lack of rest, and recurrence’ and external factors, including ‘facility programs and weather problems.’ The results showed that internal factors during training were mostly associated with ‘overuse or lack of rest and excessive attempts at skills’, while external factors were found to occur in ‘weather problems’. According to the classification of each event, the top priority of frequent damage according to the damaged area was skin bleeding of the head in swimming and muscle inflammation in the torso and upper and lower extremities. Track and field resulted in muscle inflammation in the head, torso, and upper and lower extremities. Weightlifting caused damage to the head and torso, resulted in spinal diseases (disc, spinal stenosis, etc.), and muscle inflammation in the upper and lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted changes in the training environment and training environment, including level-specific physical training, reinforcement programs, scientific access to specific skills, sufficient rest and recovery, and continuous improvement of facilities and equipment.
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