골프 퍼팅에서의 QE 특성 연구
A QE Study on Golf Putting
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
[목적] QE는 주요 움직임 직전에 나타나는 시선고정시간이다. QE는 숙련자가 운동기술을 사용할 때 나타나는 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 골프 퍼팅에서의 QE 원인을 규명하고 초보자에게 퍼팅 수행 향상을 위한 연습 방법을 제시하는 것이다. [방법] 연구대상자(n=30)는 통제, QE, 시각차단 집단으로 각각 10명씩 무선 배정하였고 집단 별 연습 방법에 따라 2 일간 골프 퍼팅 연습을 하였다. 24시간 후 골프 퍼팅에 대한 파지검사와 연구대상자간의 경쟁 시합을 하였고 집단과기간에 따라 퍼팅 점수, QE, 스윙시간, 후두엽의 알파파워를 산출하여 비교 분석하였다. [결과] 첫째, 세 집단 모두 사전보다 파지, 경쟁에서 퍼팅 점수가 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 특히 QE집단은 통제집단보다 높은 퍼팅 점수를 보이며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 시각차단 집단은 두 집단과의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, QE집단은 사전보다 파지, 경쟁에서 QE가 통계적으로 길어지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 통제집단은 사전보다 경쟁에서 QE가 다소 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시각차단 집단은 기간에 따라 QE의 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 세 집단 모두 기간이 지남에 따라 스윙시간이 유의하게 길어졌다. 넷째, 후두엽의 알파파워는집단과 기간에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. [결론] 시각차단 집단은 자세가 안정적이게 변함에 불구하고 QE는 길어지지 않았으나, 눈을 뜨고 연습한 QE집단은QE가 길어졌고 통제집단도 QE가 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 QE는 자세 조절 보다 시각에 의한 인지적 처리로 해석 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구를 통해 골프 퍼팅 초보자에게 QE연습이 보다 효율적인 연습방법임을 증명하였다.
Abstract
PURPOSE The quiet eye (QE) is defined as the final fixation time that is a specific target prior to initiating movement. This study aimed to identify the cause of QE in golf putting and to present an efficient practice method for improving putting skills. METHODS Thirty participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group practiced golf putting in different ways for two days. RESULTS The QE group showed a significant difference in putting scores, which was higher than that of the control group. The visual-occlusion group showed no difference compared to the other groups in terms of putting scores. The QE group showed a significant difference in terms of QE in the retention and competition tests compared to the pretest. The control group tended to have a slightly longer QE in competition tests compared to the pretest. The visualocclusion group showed no statistically significant difference in QE based on the period. All three groups had significantly longer swing times over the selected period. There was no significant difference in terms of the alpha power of the occipital lobe based on group and period. CONCLUSIONS The position of the visual-occlusion group became stable. However, the QE did not lengthen. The QE group had a longer QE. Furthermore, the control group that practiced with their eyes open tended to have longer QE. Therefore, QE may be related to visual-based cognitive processing rather than posturalkinematics. Finally, this study proved that QE practice is a more efficient method for novices in golf putting.
참고문헌 (60)
- Abernethy, B., "Searching for the minimal essential information for skilled perception and action", Psychological Research, 55(2), pp.131~138 (1993)
- 안종성, "골프 퍼팅 과제에서 QE(quiet eye) 훈련이 수행 정확성과 시각탐색전략에 미치는 영향", 한국스포츠학회, 18(2), pp.1295~1305 (2020), 한국스포츠학회[DOI]
- Babiloni, C., "Intra-hemispheric functional coupling of alpha rhythms is related to golfer's performance : A coherence EEG study", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 82(3), pp.260~268 (2011)
- Bressler, S. L., "Large-scale cortical networks and cognition", Brain Research Reviews, 20(3), pp.288~304 (1995)
- Brouwer, A. -M., "Differences in fixations between grasping and viewing objects", Journal of Vision, 9(1), pp.18~18 (2009)
- Carlson, J. S., "Best practices in school psychology V", pp.1377~1388 (2008)
- Causer, J., "Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42, pp.1599~1608 (2010)
- Causer, J., "Quiet eye facilitates sensorimotor preprograming and online control of precision aiming in golf putting", Cognitive Processing, 18(1), pp.47~54 (2017)
- Cooke, A., "Preparation for action : Psychophysiological activity preceding a motor skill as a function of expertise, performance outcome, and psychological pressure", Psychophysiology, 51(4), pp.374~384 (2014)
- Cordo, P. J., "Time-dependent effects of kinesthetic input", Journal of Motor Behavior, 22(1), pp.45~65 (1990)
- Davids, K., "Visual perception and action in sport" (2005), Routledge
- Delay, D., "Movement control in golf putting", Human Movement Science, 16(5), pp.597~619 (1997)
- Fitts, P. M., "Human performance", pp.1967, Brooks
- Foulsham, T., "Functions of a quiet and un-quiet eye in natural tasks-comment on Vickers", Current Issues in Sport Science, 1, pp.106~ (2016)
- Fries, P., "A mechanism for cognitive dynamics : Neuronal communication through neuronal coherence", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), pp.474~480 (2005)
- Fu, K. M. G., "Attention-dependent suppression of distracter visual input can be cross-modally cued as indexed by anticipatory parieto–occipital alpha-band oscillations", Cognitive Brain Research, 12(1), pp.145~152 (2001)
- Gallicchio, G., "The quiet eye effect: A test of the visual and postural-kinematic hypotheses", Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(1), pp.143~ (2020)
- Gallicchio, G., "Lower left temporalfrontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement", Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 5(1), pp.14~ (2016)
- Gallicchio, G., "Assessing ocular activity during performance of motor skills using electrooculography", Psychophysiology, 55(7), pp.e13070~ (2018)
- Grimault, S., "Oscillatory activity in parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during retention in visual short-term memory : Additive effects of spatial attention and memory load", Human Brain Mapping, 30(10), pp.3378~3392 (2009)
- 하준호, "시각차단연습이 골프퍼팅학습에 미치는 영향", 한국체육학회지, 48(5), pp.149~157 (2009), 한국체육학회
- Hurrion, P., "A biomechanical investigation into weight distribution and kinematic parameters during the putting stroke", International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(1), pp.89~105 (2009)
- Janelle, C. M., "Expertise differences in cortical activation and gaze behavior during rifle shooting", Journal of Sport and Exercise psychology, 22(2), pp.167~182 (2000)
- Jensen, O., "Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity : Gating by inhibition", Frontiers in human neuroscience, 4, pp.186~ (2010)
- Jensen, O., "Oscillations in the alpha band(9-12 Hz)increase with memory load during retention in a short-term memory task", Cerebral cortex, 12(8), pp.877~882 (2002)
- Johansson, R. S., "Eye-hand coordination in object manipulation", Journal of Neuroscience, 21(17), pp.6917~6932 (2001)
- 감동헌, "시각적 제약 조건에서의 연습이 골프퍼팅 학습에 미치는 영향", 코칭능력개발지, 18(2), pp.85~94 (2016), 한국코칭능력개발원
- 김경환, "주의증가를 위한 QE 훈련이 골프 퍼팅 학습에 미치는 영향", 골프연구, 11(1), pp.191~202 (2017), 한국골프학회
- Klostermann, A., "Especial skill vs. quiet eye duration in basketball free throw: Evidence for the inhibition of competing task solutions", European Journal of Sport Science, 19(7), pp.964~971 (2019)
- Land, M. F., "Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior", Visual Neuroscience, 26(1), pp.51~62 (2009)
- Le Van Quyen, M., "Comparison of Hilbert transform and wavelet methods for the analysis of neuronal synchrony", Journal of neuroscience methods, 111(2), pp.83~98 (2001)
- Mann, D. T., "Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport : A meta-analysis", Journal of Sport and Exercise psychology, 29(4), pp.457~478 (2007)
- McLaughlin, P., "Science and golf V: Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf", pp.239~244 (2008)
- Moore, L. J., "Quiet eye training expedites motor learning and aids performance under heightened anxiety : The roles of response programming and external attention", Psychophysiology, 49(7), pp.1005~1015 (2012)
- Panchuk, D., "Quiet eye predicts goaltender success in deflected ice hockey shots", European Journal of Sport Science, 17(1), pp.93~99 (2017)
- Pelz, D., "Dave Pelz's putting bible: The complete guide to mastering the green (Vol. 2)" (2000), Doubleday Books
- Pfurtscheller, G., "Event-related synchronization(ERS) : An electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest", Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 83(1), pp.62~69 (1992)
- Pfurtscheller, G., "Event-related EEG", MEG synchronization and desynchronization : Basic principles, 1999, pp.110(11), 1842~1857
- Rand, M. K., "Adaptation of gaze anchoring through practice in young and older adults", Neuroscience Letters, 492(1), pp.47~51 (2011)
- Richardson, A., "Center of pressure excursion during the golf putting stroke in low, mid and high handicap golfers", International Journal of Golf Science (2012)
- Romei, V., "On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation : Correlation or causation", Journal of Neuroscience, 30(25), pp.8692~8697 (2010)
- Romei, V., "Resting electroencephalogram alpha-power over posterior sites indexes baseline visual cortex excitability", Neuroreport, 19(2), pp.203~208 (2008)
- Sauseng, P., "Brain oscillatory substrates of visual short-term memory capacity", Current biology, 19(21), pp.1846~1852 (2009)
- Scheeringa, R., "Trial-by-trial coupling between EEG and BOLD identifies networks related to alpha and theta EEG power increases during working memory maintenance", Neuroimage, 44(3), pp.1224~1238 (2009)
- Shenton, J. T., "Mental motor imagery and the body schema : Evidence for proprioceptive dominance", Neuroscience Letters, 370(1), pp.19~24 (2004)
- Song, S. H., "The effect of quiet eye duration on learning of golf putting", Doctor, pp.2022
- Tuladhar, A. M., "Parieto-occipital sources account for the increase in alpha activity with working memory load", Human Brain Mapping, 28(8), pp.785~792 (2007)
- Van Der Werf, J., "Gamma-band activity in human posterior parietal cortex encodes the motor goal during delayed prosaccades and antisaccades", Journal of Neuroscience, 28(34), pp.8397~8405 (2008)
- Vanni, S., "Modulation of the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm during object detection", Journal of Neuroscience, 17(18), pp.7141~7147 (1997)
- Vickers, J. N., "Gaze control in putting", Perception, 21(1), pp.117~132 (1992)
- Vickers, J. N., "Control of visual attention during the basketball free throw", The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(6), pp.S93~S97 (1996)
- Vickers, J. N., "Visual control when aiming at a far target", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22(2), pp.342~ (1996)
- Vickers, J. N., "Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action" (2007), Human Kinetics
- Vickers, J. N., "Neuroscience of the quiet eye in golf putting", International Journal of Golf Science, 1(1), pp.2~9 (2012)
- Vine, S. J., "Quiet eye training : Effects on learning and performance under pressure", Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(4), pp.361~376 (2010)
- Vine, S. J., "An occlusion paradigm to assess the importance of the timing of the quiet eye fixation", European Journal of Sport Science, 17(1), pp.85~92 (2017)
- Vine, S. J., "Quiet eye and choking : Online control breaks down at the point of performance failure", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(10), pp.1988~1994 (2013)
- Williams, A. M., "Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks", Journal of Motor Behavior, 34(2), pp.197~207 (2002)
- Wilson, M. R., "Visuomotor control of straight and breaking golf putts", Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109(2), pp.555~562 (2009)
- Wulf, G., "The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 54(4), pp.1143~1154 (2001)
