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장애인 스포츠 팀 내 코치의 다차원적 통제적 코칭전략이 선수의 자기결정동기에 미치는 영향

The Influence of Multi-Dimensional Controlling Coaching Styles on Motivation for Athletes with Disabilities

이재원|천승현
한국특수체육학회 (Korean Society Of Adapted Physical Activity)|2011.12|한국특수체육학회지 (Korean Journal of Adapted Physical Activity)|제19권 제4호|pp. 162-179|DOI 10.17006/kjapa.2011.19.4.162

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참고문헌

키워드

self-determined motivation자율성지지자기결정동기autonomy supportdisability sports장애인 스포츠다차원적 통제적 코칭방식multi-dimensional controlling strategies

초록

본 연구의 목적은 자기결정이론에 근거하여 1) 장애인 스포츠 팀 내 코치의 통제적 코칭전략들과 자율성지지의 부적관계를 살펴보고, 2) 코치의 통제적 코칭전략과 장애인 선수들의 자기결정동기 간의 관계를 검증하는데 있다. 구체적으로 통제적 코칭방식 내 다차원적 통제전략이 선수들의 자기결정동기(self-determined motivation)의 구성요소인 내적동기, 통합·확인규제, 통제동기(controlled motivation)를 구성하고 있는 의무감 규제와 외적규제, 그리고 무동기에 미치는 영향력을 알아보는 것이다. 장애인 스포츠에 참여하고 있는 장애선수(N=107)를 대상으로 각각 코칭방식이 선수들의 동기에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보기 위한 통계기법으로 상관 및 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 통제적 코칭방식은 선수들의 통제동기인 의무감 규제와 외적규제, 그리고 무동기에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 자율성지지는 선수들의 내적동기와 자기결정동기인 통합·확인규제에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로 코치의 자율성지지는 선수들의 내적 즐거움과 흥미를 유발하며, 활동에 따른 개인의 뚜렷한 목표 그리고 삶과 활동에서 비롯되는 의미·가치를 부여하는데 효율적인 코칭방식인 반면, 코치의 통제적 방식은 선수들의 수치심, 죄책감, 그리고 사회적 비교를 통한 자아성향을 자극하고, 물질적 보상과 혜택에 대한 기대감으로 스포츠라는 활동에 대한 진정한 가치와 의미를 손상시키는 전략이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히, 코치의 지나친 개인통제는 선수들이 외적규제를 야기하며, 협박·위협은 선수들의 의무감 규제(죄책감, 수치심 등)를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 장애인 스포츠에 종사하는 현장지도자들을 위한 바람직한 코칭행동과 효과적인 전략들에 대한 논의와 미래 연구에 대한 제언과 방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of study was to explore the dynamic relationship between coach controlling strategies and autonomy supportive style and to examine the relationship between multi-dimensional controlling strategies and types of motivation (intrinsic motivation, self-determined motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) in athletes with disabilities. Then, it was investigated influences of controlling strategies adopted by coaches on the quality of motivation of the athletes with disabilities. The athletes with disabilities (N=107) who participated in disability sports were recruited to examine the effects of two types of coach coaching styles (controlling vs. autonomy supportive) on the quality of motivation within the disability sport contexts. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among the variables. Results demonstrated controlling strategies were positively correlated controlled form of motivation and motivation with in athletes, with disabilities and these strategies positively predicted interjected regulation and external regulation as well as motivation of athletes with disabilities. Specifically, one of controlling strategies, excessive personal control positively predicted athletes' interjected regulation, and another one of these strategies, intimidation positively predicted external regulation and motivation of disabled athletes. In contrast, coach autonomy support was positively correlated with intrinsic motivation and self-determined motivation, such as integrated and identified regulation, and it positively predicted the high quality of self-determined motivation in disabled athletes within sports context. Results are discussed in light of different types of motivational strategies and their influences on athletes' motivation within disability sport context.

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