우리나라 지역특화발전특구제도와 일본 구조개혁특구제도의 비교분석
A Comparative Study of the Regional Specific Development Zone in Korea and the Structural Reform Special Zone in Japan
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우리나라의 특화발전특구제도와 일본의 구조개혁특구제도는 소수의 규제특례를 인정하는 특구제도에 속한다. 두 제도는 정책자원, 정책수단, 정책의 이론적 기초 등의 면에서 매우 유사하다. 그럼에도 정책환경 및 추진배경, 정책의 목표, 중앙정부와 지방정부의 정책의지, 정책평가 체제, 특구의 신청 주체 면에서 상이하다. 차이점을 토대로 판단할 때 우리나라의 특화발전특구제도를 집행함에 있어서 적절한 정책환경의 조성 및 정책의 수정이 요청된다. 우선 특화발전특구제도의 시행이 지방분권 개혁과 양립될 수 있어야 할 것이다. 재정경제부는 특화발전특구제도를 빌미로 지방분권 개혁에 소극적인 자세를 보여서는 안될 것이다. 아울러 정책목표, 정책평가체제를 보완하고 민간기업에게도 특구의 신청과정에 적정한 역할을 부여하는 것도 긍정적으로 검토해 볼 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the regional specific development zone of Korea and the structural reform special zone of Japan. Towards this end, a framework to analyze policy implementation was applied from a comparative perspective: That is, factors affecting policy implementation, including policy environment, policy design, policy change, issues concerned with policy implementing agencies, and policy evaluation. Despite the similarities between the regional specific development zone of Korea and the structural reform special zone of Japan in terms of policy resources, policy instrument, and founding theories, several differences have been identified in terms of policy environment and background, policy objectives, policy will of both the central government and local governments, the policy evaluation system and the role of policy actors involved in the policy process. On the basis of these differences, a comfortable policy environment and policy change is required for better carrying out the regional specific development zone of Korea. The central government has to present better alternatives to combine the policy of the regional specific development zone and the policy of decentralization. The policy objectives and the policy evaluation system should be amended. Finally, the private sector should be assigned a role in developing the regional specific development zone.
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