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공직사회 성차별의 양가적 차원과 요인 검증 : 지방공무원을 중심으로

A Study on the Development and Validation of Public Ambivalent Sexism Theory in Local Government

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주제분류행정학

초록

이 연구는 공공부문 양성평등 문제에 대한 기존의 성차별 연구의 틀에서 벗어나 보려는 시도로서, 우리나라 공직사회에 ‘양가적 성차별(AS: ambivalent sexism)’의 개념을 소개하고, 이의 타당성을 검증해 보는 목적을 가진다. 최근 해외의 양가적 성차별 이론은 기존의 단일차원의 적대적 차별 관점을 혁신적으로 개선하여, 성차별의 이중적 양면성을 ‘적대적 차원(HS)’과 ‘온정적 차원(BS)’으로 구분하여 다루고 있다. 연구의 주요 내용과 절차는 다음과 같다. 먼저 성차별 의식의 양가적 가능성과 그 개념적 존재에 대해 기존의 문헌연구를 포괄적으로 고찰했고, 공직사회에서의 개념화를 통해 그 적용가능성을 타진했다. 그 다음 외국의 척도에 대한 번역과 기존 한국의 성차별 척도를 종합하여 리스트를 만들고, 이에 대한 전문가의 내용타당성 평가, 지방공무원의 표본조사를 통해 공공부문의 공직 양가적 성차별 척도(P-ASI)를 제안하였다. 또한 다차원 척도분석(MDS)을 통해 양가성의 차원과 그 상이성을 시각적으로 확인하면서, 요인분석과 양성평등과의 상관관계를 통해 개념과 판별타당도와 예언타당도를 함께 검증하였다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과를 근거로 공직사회에서 양가적 성차별의 존재가 잠정 규명된 동시에, 향후 행정학 분야에서 성차별이나 양성평등 관련 연구수행 시에 양가적 성차별 개념을 고려할 필요성도 시사 받을 수 있었다.

Abstract

Ambivalent sexism(AS) is an social ideology composed of both a hostile and benevolent prejudice toward women in social psychology. It is a very interesting area in terms of psychology. Hostile sexism(HS) is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to control men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism(BS) is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but is actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of men's protection. Ambivalent sexism refers to a form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate, chivalrous, but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings. So, ambivalent sexism in public administration was hypothesized to encompass three sources of ambivalence (paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality) and it was measured with public ambivalent sexism inventory(P-ASI). The purpose of this study was to confirm that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism are not unidimensional but two-dimensional construct. The results of survey in local governments demonstrated that the HS scale was correlated with negative attitudes toward and stereotypes about women, and the BS scale was correlated with positive attitudes toward and stereotypes about women. The theoretical and the practical implications of these two types of sexism and the use of the scale were discussed.

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