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호텔종사원이 지각하는 고객불량행동과 직무열의, 혁신행동의 구조적 관계: 소명의식의 조절효과를 중심으로

The Structural Relationships among Perceived Customer Dysfunctional Behavior, Job Engagement, and Innovative Behavior in Hotel Employees: Focusing on the moderating effect of calling

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주제분류관광학

초록

일반적으로 소명의식은 직업 만족도와 관련이 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 사실 소명의식을 높게 가진 직원들은 자신의 강점, 적성을 표현하고 체계적인 경력관리를 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 호텔종사원을 대상으로 고객불량행동과 직무열의, 혁신행동에 대한 각 개별 변인들에 대한 연구 뿐만 아니라 이들의 관계를 통합적으로 분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 또한, 고객불량행동이 직무열의에 미치는 영향은 호텔 종사원의 개인 내적특성인 소명의식의 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지를 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구는 서울에 소재한 5성급 호텔에 근무하는 종사원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 표본추출방법은 편의 표본추출방법을 사용하였다. 설문조사는 2020년 2월부터 3월까지 약 2개월에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 설문지는 330부를 배포하여 293부를 분석 자료로 이용하였다. 배포된 설문지를 회수하여 얻은 자료들은 IBM SPSS Amos 20.0을 이용하여 구조방정식 모형분석(structural equation model: SEM)을 실행하였다. 가설검증결과 첫째, 호텔종사원이 지각하는 고객불량행동이 직무열의에 유의미한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되어 고객불량행동을 높게 지각할수록 직무열의가 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 호텔종사원의 직무열의가 혁신행동에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 호텔종사원의 고객불량행동이 직무열의에 미치는 영향은 소명의식 수준에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 소명의식의 조절효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 시사점으로는 호텔종사원이 지각하는 고객불량행동과 직무열의 간의 관계에서 소명의식의 조절효과를 규명한 최초의 연구로서 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 호텔기업은 종사원의 소명의식을 높일 수 있는 상담 및 교육 프로그램을 제공함으로써 조직성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 인적자원관리 시스템의 도입이 필요하다.

Abstract

Generally, it can be expected that a sense of calling is related to job satisfaction. In fact, employees with a strong sense of calling can show their strengths and aptitudes, and perform systematic career management. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate hotel employees with respect to the individual variables of customer dysfunctional behavior, job engagement and innovative behavior, and to carry out an integrated analysis of their relationships. In addition, this study intends to ascertain whether the influence of customer dysfunction behavior on job engagement varies according to the level of a sense of calling, which is the internal characteristic of an individual hotel employee. This study surveyed hotel employees who served for 5-star hotels located in Seoul, and as for the sampling method, convenience sampling was used. The questionnaire survey was conducted for two months from February 2020 to March 2020. 330 questionnaire copies were distributed, and 293 copies among them were used as data for analysis. Data obtained from the collected questionnaires were subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM), using IBM SPSS Amos 20.0. The results of hypothesis testing are as follows: First, it was found that custom dysfunctional behavior perceived by hotel employees had significant negative (-) effects on job engagement, hence the more highly the customer dysfunctional behavior was perceived, the lower the job engagement became. Second, it was found that hotel employees' job engagement had significant positive (+) effects on innovative behavior. Third, it was found that the influence of customer dysfunctional behavior on hotel employees' job engagement varied according to the levels of a sense of calling, and thus the moderating effect of a sense of calling was confirmed. This study is significant in that it is the first study that determined the moderating effect of a sense of calling on the relationship between job engagement and customer dysfunctional behavior perceived by hotel employees. Based on these research findings, it is suggested that hotel companies should introduce human resources management system capable of improving organization performance by providing counseling and education programs that can enhance hotel employees' sense of calling.

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